TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i CHAPTER 1: General Introduction 1 1.1 Background/Problem description 2 1.2 Motivation 4 1.3 Research aims and scope 6 1.3.1Research objective 6 1.3.2Research sub-objectives 7 1.3.3Level of analysis 9 1.4 Outline of the thesis 9 CHAPTER 2: Understanding how and why practitioners evaluate SDI performance 17 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 IS/IT Evaluation and public administration research 21 2.2.1'Control' evaluation in the IS/IT literature 23 2.2.2Evaluation research in public sector settings 27 2.3 SDI Control' Evaluation 28 2.3.1Survey methods 28 2.3.2SDI control evaluation examples 29 2.4 Analysis 39 2.5 Conclusion 42 CHAPTER 3: Cross-agency coordination in the shadow of hierarchy: 'joining up' government geospatial information systems 55 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Conceptual framework 59 3.2.1Trajectories of coordination forms 60 3.2.2Tools of hierarchical influence and coordination 61 3.3 Methods 62 3,3.1Case descriptions 64 3.3.1.1 Canada - evolving IACG and TBS interaction 65 3.3.1.2 Canada - Federal Geomatics Strategy and Policy Framework 66 3.3.1.3 Canada - Value Management Office 67 3.3.1.4 Canada - Sunset program and results-based management 68 3.3.1.5 US - evolving FGDC and OMB interaction 69 3.3.1.6 US - Geospatial One-Stop and Geospatial Line-of-Business 69 3.3.1.7 US - Federal Enterprise Architecture 70 3.3.1.8 US - Circular No. A-11 Exhibit 300 business case 71 3.4 Analysis 71 3.4.1Shaping governing structures 73 3.4.2Promoting uptake of new management information systems 74 3.4.3Using evaluation to solidify accountabilities 74 3.4.4Relevance beyond the case studies 75 3.5 Conclusion 76 CHAPTER 4: Evaluation of the Dutch subsurface geoportal: What lies beneath? 83 4.1 Introduction 84 4.2 Conceptual Framework 86 4.3 Background / empirical setting 88 4.4 Methods 91 4.5 Findings 93 4.5.1Structural disaggregation 93 4.5.1.1 DINO shaped by governing structure 93 4.5.1.2 DINO shaping governing structure 96 4.5.2Autonomization 96 4.5.2.1 Operations shaped by GIC 96 4.5.2.2 DINO shaping operations 96 4.5.3 Result control 99 4.5.3.1 Result control shaped by GIC 99 4.5.3.2 DINO shaping result control. 100 4.6 Discussion 100 4.7 Conclusion 103 CHAPTER 5: Opening the black box of donor influence on Digital Earth in Africa 109 5.1 Introduction 110 5.2 History of geospatial sector in Africa and conceptual framework 112 5.2.1 Historical background 112 5.2.2Conceptual framework 114 5.2.3New aid architecture 116 5.3 The changing aid game in Africa 118 5.3.1Organization 118 5.3.2Authority 120 5.3.3Treasure 122 5.3.4Modality 124 5.4 Appraisal on the evolution in the donors -policymakers link 125 5.5 Conclusion and further research 128 CHAPTER 6: Synthesis and Outlook. 137 6.1 Introduction 138 6.2 Main findings 138 6.2.1Sub-objective 1 - External demand for 'control' evaluation 142 6.2.2Sub-objective 2 - Core executive / central budget agencies 144 6.2.3Sub-objective 3 - Public principals 145 6.2.4Sub-objective 4 - Donors/IFIs 146 6.3 Reflections 146 6.3.1Contribution to SDI practice 146 6.3.2Governance mixtures 148 6.3.3 Limitations 149 6.4 Outlook 150 6.4.1Expand analysis of'background' (external agents) / Policy transfer 150 6.4.2Recognize context (comparative public administration) 150 Summary 155 Samenvatting 159 ITC Dissertation List 162