Meaning and Importance of Environment Definition and Scope of Environmental Economics Environmental Economics vs. Traditional Economics 19 20 22 1.4 The Rationale of Environmental Economics 25 1.5 The Evolution and Growth of Environmental Economics 26 1.6 1.7 1.8 Some Typical Environmental Problems A Generic Approach to Solving Environmental Problems Main Points 34 37 37 1.9 Discussion Questions 39 Chapter Z: Environment, Economy and Development v sw, .,..-, . * - o 4S 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 2.3 2.4 Environment and Economy Tracing Environmental Inputs into the Economy Environment and Economic Growth 42 45 48 2.5 2.6 2,7 Environment and Development Man points .:s:;;: Discussion Questions 52 63 65 Contents Chapter 3: Basic Concepts and Theories Individual Choices Introduction Main Characteristics of Enviroruru Consumption and Demand Production and Supply *\ Marginal Analysis Markets and Market Failure Government Intervention and Public Policy Failure Main Points Discussion Questions 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Chapter 4: Basic Concepts and Theories: Collective Choices Introduction Social Benefits, Costs and Welfare Function Pareto Principle or Paretian Criterion Compensation Principle or Criterion Hardin's Thesis of 'The Tragedy of the Commons' Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) Game Olson's Theory of Collective Action Methods of Abatement of Externalities Optimal Stationary Policies for Renewable Resources Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Main Points Discussion Questions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Chapter 5: Environmental Valuation 5.1 Introduction Meaning and Types of Environmental Values Measures of Economic Values Valuation of Intangible Benefits of the Environment Main Points Discussion Questions 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Chapter 6: Environmental Accounting 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Historical Development of National Accounts in India 6.3 Genesis of Environmental Accounting 6.4 Some Salient Features of SEEA 67 67 68 74 78 83 87 88 89 91 93 93 96 97 98 100 103 106 111 114 121 122 124 1X5 125 126 128 141 143 144 147 147 148 149 151 6 5 Forest Resource Accounting: A Case Study 66 Integration of Environmental Accounts into the System of National Accounts 6.7 Main Points 6.8 Discussion Questions Chapter 7: Instruments of Environment Management 7.1 Introduction . o ,-;;=. 7.2 A Conceptual Framework '--.o'o 7.3 An Action System for Environment Management' - 7.4 Forms of Government Intervention ( . -.<o,'oo< 7.5 Main Points 7.6 Discussion Questions !t> o**;,3E.j -3r , o Chapter 8: Land and Environment ; . 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Nature and Extent of Land Degradation 8.3 The Economic Logic of Land Degradation 8.4 Alternatives for Restoration of Degraded Lands and Improving the Environment Main Points \u' TV* oo< Discussion Questions y , ,: ,, i, -'oo' i . ,o;,- :o,- Chapter 9: Water and Environment : ., 9.1 Introduction i1 ; ,- 9.2 Current Status of Water Resources 9.3 Some Water-Related Problems 9.4 Alternatives for Addressing Water-Related Problems and Improving the Environment 9.5 Main Points 9.6 Discussion Questions Chapter 10: Forests and Environment 10.1Introduction 10.2 The Role of Forests in India's Economy 10.3Deforestation and Degradation of Forests and their Environmental Consequences 10.4 Socially Optimal Level of Exploitation of Forests 10.5 Alternatives for Mitigating the Problems of Degradation and Depletion of Forest Resources Environmental Economics: Theory and Applications 10.6Main Points 10.7Discussion Questions 279 280 Chapter 11: Fisheries and Environment 281 11.1 Introduction 281 11.2 The Types and Extent of Fishery Resources 283 11.3 The Problems of Fisheries and their Underlying Causes 285 11.4 Determining Optimum Level of Harvesting of Marine Fish 288 11.5 Instruments of Managing Fisheries 290 11.6 Policies and Programmes for Fishery Development 297 11.7 Main Points 'o 302 11.8 Discussion Questions ;->fi; /! 302 Chapter 12: Biodiversity Conservation and .. > 305 Environment 12.1Introduction o4;#V**tt 305 12.2 The Functions of Ecosystems and Biodiversity*. ,; -oo* !\ 307 12.3Identification and Valuation of Benefits from '-i - 309 Biodiversity Conservation ' 12.4 Causes of Loss of Biodiversity and its Consequences o311 12.5Determining Locally and Globally Optimum ; o 316 Levels of Biodiversity Conservation' .'i o 12.6Instruments of Biodiversity Conservation > 319 12.7 Biodiversity Conservation Policy and Programmes of India 326 12.8 Main Points ' * 328 12.9Discussion Questions ;,, o. 330 Chapter 13: Climate Change d Environment 13.1 Introduction o>'o 13.2 AcidRain ' :- o-..- .'.o'!. '- 13.3 Global Warming- 13.4 Ozone Depletion . -~ , 13.5 Climatic Aberrations 13.6 Main Points*' *>' oo: o 13.7 Discussion Questions Chapter 14: An Ideal Environment Management Policy Introduction ., . 14.1 14.2 14.3 Need for an Environment Policy The Vision, Goals and Objectives of Environment Policy 331 332 335 339 343 347 349 351 351 352 359 Contents __----- , * i Management Systems for Environment Policy tt ments of Environment Policy Hi Enlisting Stakeholders'Participation 117 to titutional Mechanism for integrationf US A Critique of India's Environment Pohcy !4 9Main Points U10 Discussion Questions _ X* -LJ ,-*o-.- o --,.-o'-- Glossary References and Select Bibliography Index About the Authors 364 367 372 374 377 381 382 385 395 411 422 ' F,