Timber decay in buildings : the conservation approach to treatment (Record no. 69180)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 08289 a2200157 4500 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 9780419188209 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 691.1 |
| Item number | RID |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Ridout, Brian |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Timber decay in buildings : the conservation approach to treatment |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | London |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Spon Press |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2008 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | xvi,232p. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | Content<br/>Foreword xi<br/>Preface xiii<br/>Illustration acknowledgements xvi<br/>Part 1: Nature of Wood 1<br/>1 Origins and durability of building timber 3<br/>1.1 Introduction 3<br/>1.2 Structural polymers 3<br/>1.3 Cell wall 5<br/>1.4 Structure of wood 7<br/>1.4.1 Softwoods and hardwoods 7<br/>1.4.2 Structure of softwoods 8<br/>1.4.3 Structure of hardwoods 9<br/>1.5 Functional tree: differences between softwood and hardwood species 9<br/>1.5.1 Juvenile or core wood 13<br/>1.5.2 Mature wood 14<br/>1.5.3 Over-mature wood 15<br/>2 Sorption of water by timber 16<br/>2.1 Natural hygroscopicity 16<br/>2.1.1 Ray cell orientation 17<br/>2.1.2 Latewood/earlywood orientation 17<br/>2.2 Age-related changes 17<br/>2.3 Effects of decay on moisture sorption 19<br/>Part 2: Agents of Decay and Traditional Treatments 21<br/>3 Post-harvest changes and decay 23<br/>3.1 Effects of moisture content 23<br/>3.2 Nutrient availability after conversion: the potential for decay 24<br/>3.3 Damage caused by insects 25<br/>3.3.1 Cell-content feeders 27<br/>3.3.2 Cell-content and partial cell-wall feeders 27<br/>3.3.3 Cell-content and cell-wall feeders 27<br/>3.4 Decay caused by fungi 27<br/>3.4.1 Moulds and stains 28<br/>3.4.2 Soft rot 28<br/>3.4.3 White rot 29<br/>3.4.4 Brown rots 29<br/>3.5 European hazard classification for building timbers 30<br/>3.6 Physical/chemical decay 31<br/>3.6.1 Thermal damage 31<br/>3.6.2 Visible and ultraviolet (UV) light 32<br/>3.6.3 Surface degradation caused by mechanical damage 32<br/>3.6.4 Chemical decay 32<br/>3.7 Acidity and corrosion of metals by timber 35<br/>4 Death watch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum) 37<br/>4.1 Brief history of the beetle and the development of insecticides 37<br/>4.2 Biology of the death watch beetle 39<br/>4.3 Monitoring current activity and population 48<br/>4.4 Methods of treatment 49<br/>4.4.1 Defrassing 50<br/>4.4.2 Spraying 50<br/>4.4.3 Injection 52<br/>4.4.4 Paste treatment 53<br/>4.4.5 Smoke treatment 53<br/>4.4.6 Insect traps 54<br/>5 Furniture beetle or woodworm (Anobium punctatum) 55<br/>5.1 Brief history of the beetle and its treatment 55<br/>5.2 Biology of the furniture beetle 58<br/>5.3 Monitoring current activity and population 60<br/>5.4 Methods of treatment and control 62<br/>5.4.1 Spray and injection treatments 62<br/>5.4.2 Fogging 63<br/>5.4.3 Freezing/heating 64<br/>5.4.4 Fumigation 64<br/>6 Minor decay insects 65<br/>6.1 House longhorn beetle 65<br/>6.1.1 Methods of treatment 67<br/>6.2 Powder post beetles (Lyctidae, Bostrychidae) 67<br/>6.2.1 Methods of treatment 70<br/>6.3 Weevils (Curculionidae) 70<br/>6.3.1 Methods of treatment 71<br/>6.4 Wharf borer (Nacerdes melanura) 71<br/>6.4.1 Methods of treatment 72<br/>6.5 Pinhole and shothole borers (Scolytidae, Platypodidae) 72<br/>6.6 Risk of termites in Britain 73<br/>6.6.1 Methods of treatment 75<br/>7 Dry rot 76<br/>7.1 History of dry rot and early treatments 76<br/>7.2 Biology of dry rot 80<br/>7.3 Traditional treatments 86<br/>7.3.1 Exposing the full extent of the infection 86<br/>7.3.2 Cutting back past the last signs of decay 87<br/>7.3.3 Wall irrigation/toxic box treatments 87<br/>7.3.4 Spray and paste treatments 88<br/>7.3.5 Fungicidal renders 88<br/>7.3.6 Heat treatments 89<br/>7.3.7 Timber reinstatement 89<br/>7.4 Detection of dry rot with dogs 89<br/>8 Wet rots and minor decay fungi 90<br/>8.1 Identification of fungi in buildings 90<br/>8.2 Category A: Moulds 90<br/>8.2.1 Damage to timber 90<br/>8.3 Category B: Jelly fungi or plaster moulds 91<br/>8.3.1 Elf cup fungi (mostly Pezizaceae) 92<br/>8.3.2 Pyronema spp. (Pseudoascoboleae) 92<br/>8.3.3 Damage to timber 92<br/>8.4 Category C: Resupinate fungi 92<br/>8.4.1 Cellar rot (Coniophora puteana) 92<br/>8.4.2 Asterostroma cervicolor 93<br/>8.4.3 Damage to timber 93<br/>8.5 Category D: Pore fungi 93<br/>8.5.1 Mine fungus (Antrodia vaillantii) 95<br/>8.5.2 Oak rot (Donkioporia expansa) 95<br/>8.5.3 Damage to timber 97<br/>8.6 Category E: Gilled fungi 98<br/>8.6.1 Ink cap fungus (Coprinus) 98<br/>8.6.2 Damage to timber 98<br/>8.7 The treatment of wet rots 98<br/>9 Timber pretreatments 100<br/>9.1 Brief history of pretreatments 100<br/>9.2 Modem water-based preservatives for pressure impregnation 102<br/>9.3 Organic solvent-based preservatives for pressure impregnation 103<br/>9.4 Diffusion pretreatments 105<br/>9.5 Dip/immersion pretreatments 105<br/>9.6 Preservative penetration 106<br/>9.7 Metal corrosion in pretreated timber 107<br/>9.8 Selection and use of pretreated timber 107<br/>9.9 Disposal of pretreated timber and waste 108<br/>10 Regulations, legislation and charters 110<br/>10.1 European Standards for wood preservation 110<br/>10.2 Controls on the manufacture and use of pesticides 110<br/>10.3 Protection of bats 111<br/>10.4 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1994 113<br/>10.5 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (CDM) 1994 115<br/>Part 3: Effects of the Building Environment on Timbers 117<br/>11 Drying and wetting: A historical perspective on timber decay within buildings 119<br/>11.1 Changes in moisture content after felling 119<br/>11.2 Air drying 120<br/>11.3 Kiln drying 121<br/>11.4 Moisture, the key to decay 125<br/>11.5 Air temperature and relative humidity 127<br/>11.6 Water absorption along the grain 128<br/>11.7 Water absorption across the grain 130<br/>11.8 Some consequences of conversion 131<br/>11.9 Timber replacement and re-use 133<br/>11.10 From oak frames to brick and softwood 133<br/>11.11 Some consequences of war 136<br/>11.12 Durability of old and modern timbers compared 136<br/>11.13 Use of second-hand timbers 139<br/>11.14 Timber and walls 140<br/>12 Fire damage and dereliction 142<br/>12.1 Dry rot and fire damage 142<br/>12.2 Weatherproofing 142<br/>12.3 Removal of debris and timber cleaning 143<br/>12.4 Stripping interiors 144<br/>12.4.1 Position within the building 144<br/>12.4.2 Floors, panelling, joinery and linings 147<br/>12.4.3 Storage 148<br/>12.4.4 History of dry rot 149<br/>12.5 Progression of fungal assemblages 149<br/>12.6 Dereliction 150<br/>12.7 Modes and rates of drying 151<br/>12.7.1 First-stage drying 152<br/>12.7.2 Second-stage drying 152<br/>12.8 Drying by increased ventilation 153<br/>12.9 Accelerated drying 153<br/>12.9.1 Air blowers 155<br/>12.9.2 Dehumidifiers 155<br/>12.10 Isolation of timbers and the mobilization of wall salts 157<br/>13 Monitoring the building environment 160<br/>13.1 Moisture meters and their accuracy in timber 160<br/>13.1.1 Moisture monitoring by the oven/balance method 162<br/>13.1.2 Remote moisture monitoring 163<br/>13.2 Brickwork and masonry moisture monitoring 165<br/>13.3 Automated remote monitoring 165<br/>13.3.1 Environmental monitoring 166<br/>13.3.2 Leak detection 166<br/>13.3.3 Multiparameter moisture monitoring 166<br/>Part 4: Evolving a Philosophy for Timber Treatment 169<br/>14 Resolving conflicts between treatment and conservation 171<br/>14.1 Remedial industry 171<br/>14.2 Precautionary treatments 172<br/>14.3 Guarantees 173<br/>14.4 International and national policies on minimal intervention 174<br/>14.5 Natural control of decay 176<br/>14.5.1 Natural insect population regulators within the building ecosystem 176<br/>14.5.2 Environmental control of death watch beetle: Westminster Hall 180<br/>14.5.3 Environmental control of furniture beetle 184<br/>14.5.4 Environmental control of dry rot 184<br/>14.6 Holistic approach to dry rot treatment 187<br/>14.6.1 Evaluate the cause and level of fungal activity 187<br/>14.6.2 Evaluate moisture levels and distribution 187<br/>14.6.3 Locate and assess all timbers at risk 187<br/>14.7 Conclusions 187<br/>Appendix A: Analytical approach to preservative treatment 189<br/>A.1 Introduction to the use of analytical keys 189<br/>A.2 Key to the treatment of death watch beetle 190<br/>A.3 Key to the treatment of furniture beetle 192<br/>A.4 Key to the treatment of decay caused by fungi, including dry rot 194<br/>Appendix B: Dry rot case studies 197<br/>B.1 Case study 1: Amiston House, Midlothian 197<br/>B.2 Case study 2: Bute Hall, University of Glasgow 198<br/>B.3 Case study 3: Walsworth Hall, Gloucestershire 199<br/>B.4 Case study 4: Sea Captain's House and Calendering Works, Dundee 202<br/>B.5 Case study 5: Lees Court, Kent 206<br/>B.6 Case study 6: Christchurch, Waterloo, Merseyside 207<br/>References and bibliography 210<br/>Index 222 |
| 890 ## - Country | |
| Country | UK |
| 891 ## - Topic | |
| Topic | FA |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | Dewey Decimal Classification |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Pelli |
| -- | Wood--Deterioration |
| -- | Wooden-frame buildings--Conservation and restoration |
| -- | Wood--Preservation |
| -- | Building, Wooden--Conservation and restoration |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Posters |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Decoration and ornament |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Graphic arts |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Source of classification or shelving scheme | Damaged status | Not for loan | Collection code | Withdrawn status | Home library | Current library | Shelving location | Date acquired | Source of acquisition | Cost, normal purchase price | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Cost, replacement price | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Architecture | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | General | 29/04/2022 | Astha Book Agency | 13414.00 | 691.1 RID | 023602 | 24/09/2022 | 16768.00 | 29/04/2022 | Reference Books |