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Contents<br/>1. The big picture 1<br/>Introduction, Overview and Summary <br/>We Live in an Exponentially Expanding Socioeconomic Urbanized World <br/>A Matter of Life and Death <br/>Energy, Metabolism, and Entropy <br/>Size Really Matters : Scaling and Nonlinear Behavior <br/>Scaling and Complexity: Emergence, Self-Organization, and Resilience You Are Your Networks : Growth from Cells to Whales <br/>Cities and Global Sustainability: Innovation and Cycles of Singularities Companies and Businesses<br/>2. The measure of all things: An Introduction to Scaling 35<br/>From Godzilla to Galileo <br/>Misleading Conclusions and Misconceptions of Scale: Superman <br/>Orders of Magnitude, Logarithms, Earthquakes, and the Richter Scale Pumping Iron and Testing Galileo <br/>Individual Performance and Deviations from Scaling: The Strongest Man in the World <br/>More Misleading Conclusions and Misconceptions of Scale: Drug Dosages from LSD and Elephants to Tylenol and Babies. <br/>BMI, -Quetelet, the Average Man, and Social Physics <br/>Innovation and Limits to Growth <br/>The Great Eastern, Wide Gauge Railways, and the Remarkable Isambard Kingdom Brunel <br/>William Froude and the Origins of Modeling Theory <br/>Similarity and Similitude: Dimensionless and Scale-Invariant Numbers<br/>3. The simplicity, unity and complexity of life 79<br/>From Quarks and Strings to Cells and Whales <br/>Metabolic Rate and Natural Selection <br/>Simplicity Underlying Complexity: Kleiber's Law, Self-Similarity, and Economies of Scale <br/>Universality and the Magic Number Four That Controls Life <br/>Energy, Emergent Laws, and the Hierarchy of Life <br/>Networks and the Origins of Quarter-Power Allometric Scaling <br/>Physics Meets<br/>Biology : On the Nature of Theories, Models, and Explanations <br/>Network Principles and the Origins of Allometric Scaling <br/>Metabolic Rate and Circulatory Systems in Mammals, Plants, and Trees Digression on Nikola Tesla, Impedance Matching, and AC/DC <br/>Back to Metabolic Rate,Beating Hearts and Circulatory Systems <br/>Self-Similarity and the Origin of the Magic Number Four <br/>Fractals : The Mysterious Case of the Lengthening Borders<br/>4. The fourth dimension of life: Growth, Aging and Death 147<br/>The Fourth Dimension of Life <br/>Why Aren't There Mammals the Size of Tiny Ants? <br/>And Why Aren't There Enormous Mammals the Size of Godzilla? <br/>Growth Global Warming, the Exponential Scaling of Temperature, and the Metabolic Theory of Ecology <br/>Aging and Mortality<br/>5. From the anthropocene to the urbanocene: A Planet Dominated by Cities 209<br/>Living in Exponentially Expanding Universes <br/>Cities, Urbanization, and Global Sustainability <br/>Digression: What Exactly Is an Exponential Anyway? Some Cautionary Fables <br/>The Rise of the Industrial City and Its Discontents <br/>Malthus, Neo-Malthusians, and the Great Innovation Optimists <br/>It's All Energy, Stupid<br/>6. Prelude to a science of cities 247<br/>Are Cities and Companies Just Very Large Organisms? <br/>St. Jane and the Dragons<br/>An Aside : A Personal Experience of Garden Cities and New Town<br/>Intermediate Summary and Conclusion<br/>7. Toward a science of cities 269<br/>The Scaling of Cities <br/>Cities and Social Networks <br/>What Are These Networks?<br/>Cities: Christa lis or Fractals? <br/>Cities as the Great Social Incubator<br/>How Many Close Friends Do You Really Have? Dunbar and His Numbers Words and Cities <br/>The Fractal City: Integrating the Social with the Physical<br/>8. Consequences and predictions: From Mobility and the Pace of Life to Social Connectivity, Diversity, Metabolism, and Growth 325<br/>The Increasing Pace of Life <br/>Life on an Accelerating Treadmill: The City as the Incredible Shrinking Time Machine <br/>Commuting Time and the Size of Cities<br/>The Increasing Pace of Walking <br/>You Are Not Alone: Mobile Telephones as Detectors of Human Behavior Testing and Verifying the Theory: Social Connectivity in Cities <br/>The Remarkably Regular Structure of Movement in Cities <br/>Over performers and Underperformers <br/>The Structure of Wealth, Innovation, Crime, and Resilience : The Individuality and Ranking of Cities <br/>Prelude to Sustainability : A Short Digression on Water <br/>The Socioeconomic Diversity of Business Activity in Cities <br/>Growth and the Metabolism of Cities<br/>9. Toward a science of companies 379<br/>Is Walmart a Scaled-Up Big Joe's Lumber and Google a Great Big Bear? <br/>The Myth of Open-Ended Growth <br/>The Surprising Simplicity of Company Mortality <br/>Requiescant in Pace <br/>Why Companies Die, but Cities Don't<br/>10. The vision of a grand theory of sustainability 411<br/>Accelerating Treadmills, Cycles of Innovation, and Finite<br/>Afterword 427<br/>Science for the Twenty-first Century <br/>Transdisciplin arity, and the Santa Fe Institute <br/>Big Data: Paradigm 4.0 or Just 3.1?<br/>Postscript and Acknowledgments 449<br/>Notes 457<br/>Index 465<br/>List of Illustrations 481 |
