Developing an evidence-based methodology to inform urban green space planning (Softcopy is also available)
Kanimozhi D. (PUP21165)
Developing an evidence-based methodology to inform urban green space planning (Softcopy is also available) - 2023 - 127p.
Table of contents
1 INTRODUCTION 26
1.1 Urbanisation in India 26
1.1.1 Problem Statement 26
1.1.1.1 Issues in Planning Urban Green Spaces in India 26
1.2 Background Context 27
1.2.1 Benefits of Urban Green Spaces 27
1.2.2 Types of Urban Green Spaces 28
1.2.3 Analysis of UGS in India 29
1.2.4 Current Interventions in Planning of UGS 30
1.2.4.1 National Policies and Missions 30
1.2.4.2 City-led Initiatives 31
2 RESEARCH DESIGN 34
2.1.1 Research Aim 34
2.1.2 Research Question 34
2.1.3 Research Objectives 35
2.1.4 Research Approach & Methodology 35
2.1.5 Research Timeline 36
2.1.6 Research Scope 37
2.1.7 Research Limitations 37
3 RESEARCH ARTICULATION 40
3.1 Literature Review 40
3.1.1 Urban Green Cover and Urban Green Spaces 45
3.1.2 Private and Public Owned Spaces 46
3.2 Stakeholders Consultations 46
4 GOALS, INDICATORS & METRICES 50
4.1 Planning parameters for UGS 50
4.1.1 Goals of Planning UGS 51
4.1.2 Planning of UGS in Indian Cities 51
4.1.3 Important Arguments 52
4.2 Research Metrics 52
4.2.1 Challenges Faced 53
5 DATA & SOFTWARE 56
5.1 Data 56
5.1.1 Data Type & Source 56
5.1.2 Data Preparation 56
5.1.2.1 Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) 57
5.1.2.2 Managed Green Spaces 61
5.1.2.3 Socio-Economic Status Index (SESI) 62
5.1.3 Data Challenges 65
5.1.3.1 Source of Satellite Data 65
5.1.3.2 GIS Data 67
5.1.3.3 NDVI Calculation 67
5.1.4 Outcome/ Learnings 67
5.2 Software used 68
5.2.1 Data Preparation for Fragstats Software 68
5.2.2 Challenges in the Process 68
5.2.3 Outcome/ Learnings 69
6 GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS 71
6.1 Land Cover Change Trends 71
6.1.1 Process Followed 71
6.1.2 Accuracy Assessment 71
6.1.3 Challenges Faced 72
6.1.4 Outcomes/ Findings 72
6.2 Quantity of Urban Green Space / Cover 75
6.2.1 Percentage of UGS Area (PUGS) 75
6.2.2 UGS per Inhabitant (UPI) 78
6.2.3 Outcomes/ Findings from Quantity Metrices 80
6.3 Quality of Urban Green Space / Cover 81
6.3.1 Mean Area of UGS Patches (Area_MN) 81
6.3.2 UGS Patch Density (UPD) 82
6.3.2.1 Relationship between UPD and AREA_MN 84
6.3.3 Total Vegetation Cover on Managed Green Space 86
6.3.3.1 Relationship between Vegetation fraction per Managed GS and number of Managed GS 88
6.3.3.2 Relationship between Vegetation Cover per Managed GS and Total Vegetation 89
6.3.4 Vegetation Cover on Managed Green Space Per Inhabitant 91
6.3.5 Outcomes/ Findings from Quality Metrices 92
6.4 Accessibility & Spatial Distribution of Urban Green Cover / Space 93
6.4.1 Proportional Green Cover Index (PGCI) 94
6.4.2 Aggregation Index (AI 95
6.4.3 Mean Euclidean nearest neighbour distance of UGS patches (ENN_MN) 96
6.4.4 Area Weighted Mean Fractal Dimension Index (FRAC_AM) 98
6.4.5 Served, Underserved, Overserved Areas of Managed Green Spaces – Buffer Analysis 100
6.4.5.1 Service Area Analysis for Walkability Catchments around Managed GS along Road Network 101
6.4.6 Outcomes/ Findings from Accessibility & Spatial Distribution Metrices 103
6.5 Socio-Economic Analysis 104
6.5.1 Relationship between socio-economic status and urban green space distribution indicators of the wards 104
6.6 Challenges Faced in Green Space Analysis 106
7 FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING 109
7.1 Key Takeaways from the Research 109
7.2 Framework for Planning Urban Green Spaces 110
8 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 113
8.1 Key Contributions 113
8.2 Key Challenges 113
P TH-2835 / KAN
Developing an evidence-based methodology to inform urban green space planning (Softcopy is also available) - 2023 - 127p.
Table of contents
1 INTRODUCTION 26
1.1 Urbanisation in India 26
1.1.1 Problem Statement 26
1.1.1.1 Issues in Planning Urban Green Spaces in India 26
1.2 Background Context 27
1.2.1 Benefits of Urban Green Spaces 27
1.2.2 Types of Urban Green Spaces 28
1.2.3 Analysis of UGS in India 29
1.2.4 Current Interventions in Planning of UGS 30
1.2.4.1 National Policies and Missions 30
1.2.4.2 City-led Initiatives 31
2 RESEARCH DESIGN 34
2.1.1 Research Aim 34
2.1.2 Research Question 34
2.1.3 Research Objectives 35
2.1.4 Research Approach & Methodology 35
2.1.5 Research Timeline 36
2.1.6 Research Scope 37
2.1.7 Research Limitations 37
3 RESEARCH ARTICULATION 40
3.1 Literature Review 40
3.1.1 Urban Green Cover and Urban Green Spaces 45
3.1.2 Private and Public Owned Spaces 46
3.2 Stakeholders Consultations 46
4 GOALS, INDICATORS & METRICES 50
4.1 Planning parameters for UGS 50
4.1.1 Goals of Planning UGS 51
4.1.2 Planning of UGS in Indian Cities 51
4.1.3 Important Arguments 52
4.2 Research Metrics 52
4.2.1 Challenges Faced 53
5 DATA & SOFTWARE 56
5.1 Data 56
5.1.1 Data Type & Source 56
5.1.2 Data Preparation 56
5.1.2.1 Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) 57
5.1.2.2 Managed Green Spaces 61
5.1.2.3 Socio-Economic Status Index (SESI) 62
5.1.3 Data Challenges 65
5.1.3.1 Source of Satellite Data 65
5.1.3.2 GIS Data 67
5.1.3.3 NDVI Calculation 67
5.1.4 Outcome/ Learnings 67
5.2 Software used 68
5.2.1 Data Preparation for Fragstats Software 68
5.2.2 Challenges in the Process 68
5.2.3 Outcome/ Learnings 69
6 GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS 71
6.1 Land Cover Change Trends 71
6.1.1 Process Followed 71
6.1.2 Accuracy Assessment 71
6.1.3 Challenges Faced 72
6.1.4 Outcomes/ Findings 72
6.2 Quantity of Urban Green Space / Cover 75
6.2.1 Percentage of UGS Area (PUGS) 75
6.2.2 UGS per Inhabitant (UPI) 78
6.2.3 Outcomes/ Findings from Quantity Metrices 80
6.3 Quality of Urban Green Space / Cover 81
6.3.1 Mean Area of UGS Patches (Area_MN) 81
6.3.2 UGS Patch Density (UPD) 82
6.3.2.1 Relationship between UPD and AREA_MN 84
6.3.3 Total Vegetation Cover on Managed Green Space 86
6.3.3.1 Relationship between Vegetation fraction per Managed GS and number of Managed GS 88
6.3.3.2 Relationship between Vegetation Cover per Managed GS and Total Vegetation 89
6.3.4 Vegetation Cover on Managed Green Space Per Inhabitant 91
6.3.5 Outcomes/ Findings from Quality Metrices 92
6.4 Accessibility & Spatial Distribution of Urban Green Cover / Space 93
6.4.1 Proportional Green Cover Index (PGCI) 94
6.4.2 Aggregation Index (AI 95
6.4.3 Mean Euclidean nearest neighbour distance of UGS patches (ENN_MN) 96
6.4.4 Area Weighted Mean Fractal Dimension Index (FRAC_AM) 98
6.4.5 Served, Underserved, Overserved Areas of Managed Green Spaces – Buffer Analysis 100
6.4.5.1 Service Area Analysis for Walkability Catchments around Managed GS along Road Network 101
6.4.6 Outcomes/ Findings from Accessibility & Spatial Distribution Metrices 103
6.5 Socio-Economic Analysis 104
6.5.1 Relationship between socio-economic status and urban green space distribution indicators of the wards 104
6.6 Challenges Faced in Green Space Analysis 106
7 FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING 109
7.1 Key Takeaways from the Research 109
7.2 Framework for Planning Urban Green Spaces 110
8 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 113
8.1 Key Contributions 113
8.2 Key Challenges 113
P TH-2835 / KAN