"Restoration toolbox" traditional wall plaster, the consonance between material and craftsmanship : the case of Chettinad lime plaster (Soft copy is also available)
Gireesh, Sneha (PG190949)
"Restoration toolbox" traditional wall plaster, the consonance between material and craftsmanship : the case of Chettinad lime plaster (Soft copy is also available) - 2020 - 10,97p.
Table of Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate 0
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 4
Table of Contents 6
List of Figures 10
1. CHAPTER 1: TRADITIONAL WALL PLASTERS – AN UNDERSTANDING THE LITERATURE STUDY 1
1.1. Interpretation of traditional wall plasters as a finishing material 1
1.1.1. Origin of wall plasters 1
1.1.2. Shift from traditional wall plaster to cement plaster 3
1.2. Lime plaster, its history and its significance 4
1.2.1. Origin of lime plaster - globally and within the Indian context 4
1.2.1.1. The use of lime plaster in China 4
1.2.1.2. The use of lime plaster in South America 6
1.2.1.3. The use of lime plaster in Africa 8
1.2.1.4. The use of lime plaster in India 9
1.2.2. Comparing the use of lime plaster on a global level with the Indian context 11
1.2.3. Establishing the significance of the lime plaster based on values 12
1.3. Cases of Lime plaster use in India 13
1.3.1. Lime Plasters finishes of Wayanad 13
1.3.2. Lime plaster used at Humayun’s Tomb 14
1.4. Lime plaster versus cement plaster 16
1.5. An explanation of craftsmanship being intangible heritage 17
1.6. Analysis of the material and skill being a driver for social sustainability 18
1.6.1. Social sustainability through conservation and restoration and contemporary practice 18
1.6.2. Social sustainability through education 21
2. CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY - CHETTINAD, THE FORGOTTEN MANSIONS 23
2.1. Historical background of Chettinad region 23
2.2. Significance of Chettinad lime plaster 24
3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28
3.1. Aim 28
3.2. Objectives 28
3.3. The rationale for the study 29 7
3.4. Research questions 30
3.5. Research methodology 30
3.5.1. Data collection 30
3.5.2. Data analysis 32
3.5.3. Data interpretation 34
3.5.4. Outcome 34
3.6. Scope and Limitation 34
3.7. Outcome of research 34
4. CHAPTER 4: CHETTINAD LIME PLASTER: A DISAPPEARING SKILL 36
4.1. Process for Production 36
4.1.1. Authentic production and variants within the realm of authentic production 36
4.2. Special Admixtures and Characteristics 38
4.2.1. Types of admixtures 38
4.2.2. Differences in external and internal wall plastering 38
4.3. Aesthetic attributes of Chettinad lime plaster 39
4.3.1. Colour of the plaster 39
4.3.2. Ways of plastering 39
4.4. Issues related to sustainability 40
4.4.1. Craftsmanship 40
4.4.2. User Perception 40
4.4.3. Raw materials 40
4.4.4. Costs 41
5. CHAPTER 5: THE TOOLBOX 43
5.1. Pathology of Defects 43
5.1.1. Deterioration and Damage 43
5.1.2. Causes of Defects 43
5.1.3. Understanding of defects – The mechanisms of decay and failure 44
5.1.4. Identification of Defects 46
5.1.5. Defects Glossary 46
5.2. Restoration techniques 50
5.2.1. The main restoration techniques involved in the conservation of lime plaster 50
5.2.2. Renewal of Chettinad lime plaster - Discussing recipes 53
5.2.3. Common tools used for repair and restoration 60
5.2.4. Inferences from Chettinad lime plastering techniques 62
5.3. Maintenance guidelines 63
5.4. Principles 64
5.4.1. Technical Principles 64
5.4.2. Field Tests for lime 66
5.5. Resource Mapping 68
5.5.1. Mapping of the locations of lime resources in India 68
5.5.2. Mapping of Artisans 69
5.5.3. Analysis of resources 71
6. CHAPTER 6: REFLECTIONS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 73
6.1. Authenticity versus Adaptability 73
6.1.1. Defining the authenticity of Chettinad plaster 74
6.1.2. Understanding adaptability 74
6.1.2.1. Analysis of quantitative survey 74
6.2. Way forward 75
6.2.1. Addressing challenges and Future research possibilities 75
References 77
Appendix 1: Research methodologies 81
a) Detailed Methodology 81
b) Qualitative Interviews 83
c) Quantitative survey 93
M.Arch TH-0252 / GIR
"Restoration toolbox" traditional wall plaster, the consonance between material and craftsmanship : the case of Chettinad lime plaster (Soft copy is also available) - 2020 - 10,97p.
Table of Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate 0
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 4
Table of Contents 6
List of Figures 10
1. CHAPTER 1: TRADITIONAL WALL PLASTERS – AN UNDERSTANDING THE LITERATURE STUDY 1
1.1. Interpretation of traditional wall plasters as a finishing material 1
1.1.1. Origin of wall plasters 1
1.1.2. Shift from traditional wall plaster to cement plaster 3
1.2. Lime plaster, its history and its significance 4
1.2.1. Origin of lime plaster - globally and within the Indian context 4
1.2.1.1. The use of lime plaster in China 4
1.2.1.2. The use of lime plaster in South America 6
1.2.1.3. The use of lime plaster in Africa 8
1.2.1.4. The use of lime plaster in India 9
1.2.2. Comparing the use of lime plaster on a global level with the Indian context 11
1.2.3. Establishing the significance of the lime plaster based on values 12
1.3. Cases of Lime plaster use in India 13
1.3.1. Lime Plasters finishes of Wayanad 13
1.3.2. Lime plaster used at Humayun’s Tomb 14
1.4. Lime plaster versus cement plaster 16
1.5. An explanation of craftsmanship being intangible heritage 17
1.6. Analysis of the material and skill being a driver for social sustainability 18
1.6.1. Social sustainability through conservation and restoration and contemporary practice 18
1.6.2. Social sustainability through education 21
2. CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY - CHETTINAD, THE FORGOTTEN MANSIONS 23
2.1. Historical background of Chettinad region 23
2.2. Significance of Chettinad lime plaster 24
3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28
3.1. Aim 28
3.2. Objectives 28
3.3. The rationale for the study 29 7
3.4. Research questions 30
3.5. Research methodology 30
3.5.1. Data collection 30
3.5.2. Data analysis 32
3.5.3. Data interpretation 34
3.5.4. Outcome 34
3.6. Scope and Limitation 34
3.7. Outcome of research 34
4. CHAPTER 4: CHETTINAD LIME PLASTER: A DISAPPEARING SKILL 36
4.1. Process for Production 36
4.1.1. Authentic production and variants within the realm of authentic production 36
4.2. Special Admixtures and Characteristics 38
4.2.1. Types of admixtures 38
4.2.2. Differences in external and internal wall plastering 38
4.3. Aesthetic attributes of Chettinad lime plaster 39
4.3.1. Colour of the plaster 39
4.3.2. Ways of plastering 39
4.4. Issues related to sustainability 40
4.4.1. Craftsmanship 40
4.4.2. User Perception 40
4.4.3. Raw materials 40
4.4.4. Costs 41
5. CHAPTER 5: THE TOOLBOX 43
5.1. Pathology of Defects 43
5.1.1. Deterioration and Damage 43
5.1.2. Causes of Defects 43
5.1.3. Understanding of defects – The mechanisms of decay and failure 44
5.1.4. Identification of Defects 46
5.1.5. Defects Glossary 46
5.2. Restoration techniques 50
5.2.1. The main restoration techniques involved in the conservation of lime plaster 50
5.2.2. Renewal of Chettinad lime plaster - Discussing recipes 53
5.2.3. Common tools used for repair and restoration 60
5.2.4. Inferences from Chettinad lime plastering techniques 62
5.3. Maintenance guidelines 63
5.4. Principles 64
5.4.1. Technical Principles 64
5.4.2. Field Tests for lime 66
5.5. Resource Mapping 68
5.5.1. Mapping of the locations of lime resources in India 68
5.5.2. Mapping of Artisans 69
5.5.3. Analysis of resources 71
6. CHAPTER 6: REFLECTIONS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 73
6.1. Authenticity versus Adaptability 73
6.1.1. Defining the authenticity of Chettinad plaster 74
6.1.2. Understanding adaptability 74
6.1.2.1. Analysis of quantitative survey 74
6.2. Way forward 75
6.2.1. Addressing challenges and Future research possibilities 75
References 77
Appendix 1: Research methodologies 81
a) Detailed Methodology 81
b) Qualitative Interviews 83
c) Quantitative survey 93
M.Arch TH-0252 / GIR