Planning for low carbon neighbourhoods : case of Vijayawada city (Softcopy is also available)
Marala, Nagavalli Srilekha (PG181057)
Planning for low carbon neighbourhoods : case of Vijayawada city (Softcopy is also available) - 2020 - xii,86,xiii-xxvi,31p.
Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xv
List of tables . xi
1 INTRODUCTION . 1
1.1 Background and context 1
1.2 India‟s urban growth and emissions linkage 2
1.4 Low Carbon growth and Neighborhood Planning 4
1.5 Role of Urban green . 5
2 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 6
2.1 Need for the study 6
2.2 Selection of study area 7
2.3 Aim 7
2.4 Objectives and scope 7
2.5 Research questions 8
2.6 Limitations 8
2.7 Approach . 8
2.8 Methodology 9
3 LITERATURE STUDY 10
3.1 Conceptual literature . 10
3.1.1 Introduction to Climate change 10
3.1.2 Carbon footprint of India 10
3.1.3 Perception studies on Low Carbon Cities 13
3.1.4 International level actions towards Climate Change 14
3.1.5 National level of actions towards climate change 14
3.1.6 AP State Action Plan on Climate Change 17
3.1.7 Definition of Low Carbon Neighborhood 18
3.1.8 Concept of Low Carbon Neighbourhoods 19
3.2 Empirical Literature 20
3.2.1 Review of GHG Inventory of various cities across the world 20
3.2.2 Defining scope for the measuring GHG emissions 21
3.2.3 Measurement and quantification of GHG emission 21
3.2.4 Identification of appropriate data sources 22
3.3 Case Study from Literature review 23
3.3.1 Bhavnagar 23
3.3.2 Study on Low Carbon Society Scenario, Bhopal 25
3.3.3 Reducing the UK‟s GHG emission by 80% 26
3.3.4 Amman Green Growth program 27
3.3.5 International Low Carbon Plans review 28
4 DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLING . 29
4.1 Shortlisted indicators for measuring Carbon emissions across Neighborhoods 29
4.2 Data collection . 29
4.3 Developing framework for assessment of Low Carbon score of neighborhoods 31
4.3.1 Low Carbon Neighborhood 31
4.3.2 Indicators for Low Carbon Neighborhood . 31
4.4 Scoring and logic for selected indicators . 35
4.5 Identification of parameters for correlation . 36
4.6 Estimating Absorption Capacities . 37
Planning for Low Carbon Neighborhoods- A Case of Vijayawada City xi
5 STUDY AREA: VIJAYAWADA 40
5.1 Evolution 40
5.2 Regional setting 41
5.3 Climate and Environment . 42
5.4 Topography and soil conditions 43
5.5 Salient features . 43
5.6 Land use Analysis 44
5.7 Selection of Neighborhoods 46
5.7.1 Controlled Core Neighborhood . 48
5.7.2 Unplanned Peri- urban neighborhood 49
5.7.3 Planned Peri- urban neighborhood 49
6 ANALYSIS 50
6.1 Low Carbon scores for three types of neighborhoods . 50
6.1.1 Score for Controlled neighborhood: Bhavanipuram 50
6.1.2 Score for Unplanned Peri- urban neighborhood: Currency Nagar 51
6.1.3 Score for Planned Peri-urban neighborhood: New Raja Rajeswari Peta 51
6.1.4 Low Carbon scores for three neighborhoods . 52
6.2 Carbon emissions comparison between three types of neighborhoods . 53
6.2.1 Comparison of Avg. CE between different types of neighborhoods 53
6.2.2 Comparison of Avg. CE from electricity and transport 54
6.2.3 Comparison of Avg. CE from electricity and transport with Income 55
6.3 Correlation analysis 55
6.3.1 Comparison of Carbon emissions with Income levels . 56
6.3.2 Comparison of carbon emission w.r.t physical and socio economic characters 57
6.3.3 Determining the correlation coefficients 59
6.4 Issues and potentials 60
6.5 Strategic interventions 62
7 SYNTHESIS AND FINDINGS 63
7.1 Results from correlation coefficients 65
7.2 Comparison of results of the study with case studies across the world 66
8 SCENARIO BUILDING 68
8.1 Population projections and Carbon Emissions estimations . 68
9 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSALS 73
9.1 Core neighborhood – Bhavanipuram 74
9.1.1 Emission reduction in various scenarios 74
9.1.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 75
9.1.3 Summary of strategies 76
9.2 Unplanned Peri Urban neighborhood- Currency Nagar 77
9.2.1 Emissions from various scenarios 77
9.2.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 78
9.2.3 Summary of strategies 79
9.3 Planned Peri Urban neighborhood- New Rajarajeswari Peta 80
9.3.1 Emission reduction in various Scenarios 80
9.3.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 81
9.3.3 Summary of strategies 82
9.4 Recommendations to public and private sectors 82
10 CONCLUSIONS 86
References . xiii
Appendix 1: Survey form. xv
Planning for Low Carbon Neighborhoods- A Case of Vijayawada City xiii
Appendix 2: Emission factors . xvii
Appendix 3: Parameters and units for Carbon emission calculations . xviii
Appendix 4: Review of International Low Carbon Development Plans . xix
Appendix 5: Calculation of Carbon Storage capacity of trees xx
Appendix 6: Analysis of energy savings from LED lamps and conventional lamps . xxi
Appendix 7A: Solar PV potential for Vijayawada City xxii
Appendix 7B: Applicability of available solar appliances in residential areas xxiii
Appendix 7C: Solar system description: Solar PV System . xxiv
Appendix 7D: Provision of Solar PV rooftop in different types of residential units xxvi
P TH-2476 / MAR
Planning for low carbon neighbourhoods : case of Vijayawada city (Softcopy is also available) - 2020 - xii,86,xiii-xxvi,31p.
Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xv
List of tables . xi
1 INTRODUCTION . 1
1.1 Background and context 1
1.2 India‟s urban growth and emissions linkage 2
1.4 Low Carbon growth and Neighborhood Planning 4
1.5 Role of Urban green . 5
2 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 6
2.1 Need for the study 6
2.2 Selection of study area 7
2.3 Aim 7
2.4 Objectives and scope 7
2.5 Research questions 8
2.6 Limitations 8
2.7 Approach . 8
2.8 Methodology 9
3 LITERATURE STUDY 10
3.1 Conceptual literature . 10
3.1.1 Introduction to Climate change 10
3.1.2 Carbon footprint of India 10
3.1.3 Perception studies on Low Carbon Cities 13
3.1.4 International level actions towards Climate Change 14
3.1.5 National level of actions towards climate change 14
3.1.6 AP State Action Plan on Climate Change 17
3.1.7 Definition of Low Carbon Neighborhood 18
3.1.8 Concept of Low Carbon Neighbourhoods 19
3.2 Empirical Literature 20
3.2.1 Review of GHG Inventory of various cities across the world 20
3.2.2 Defining scope for the measuring GHG emissions 21
3.2.3 Measurement and quantification of GHG emission 21
3.2.4 Identification of appropriate data sources 22
3.3 Case Study from Literature review 23
3.3.1 Bhavnagar 23
3.3.2 Study on Low Carbon Society Scenario, Bhopal 25
3.3.3 Reducing the UK‟s GHG emission by 80% 26
3.3.4 Amman Green Growth program 27
3.3.5 International Low Carbon Plans review 28
4 DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLING . 29
4.1 Shortlisted indicators for measuring Carbon emissions across Neighborhoods 29
4.2 Data collection . 29
4.3 Developing framework for assessment of Low Carbon score of neighborhoods 31
4.3.1 Low Carbon Neighborhood 31
4.3.2 Indicators for Low Carbon Neighborhood . 31
4.4 Scoring and logic for selected indicators . 35
4.5 Identification of parameters for correlation . 36
4.6 Estimating Absorption Capacities . 37
Planning for Low Carbon Neighborhoods- A Case of Vijayawada City xi
5 STUDY AREA: VIJAYAWADA 40
5.1 Evolution 40
5.2 Regional setting 41
5.3 Climate and Environment . 42
5.4 Topography and soil conditions 43
5.5 Salient features . 43
5.6 Land use Analysis 44
5.7 Selection of Neighborhoods 46
5.7.1 Controlled Core Neighborhood . 48
5.7.2 Unplanned Peri- urban neighborhood 49
5.7.3 Planned Peri- urban neighborhood 49
6 ANALYSIS 50
6.1 Low Carbon scores for three types of neighborhoods . 50
6.1.1 Score for Controlled neighborhood: Bhavanipuram 50
6.1.2 Score for Unplanned Peri- urban neighborhood: Currency Nagar 51
6.1.3 Score for Planned Peri-urban neighborhood: New Raja Rajeswari Peta 51
6.1.4 Low Carbon scores for three neighborhoods . 52
6.2 Carbon emissions comparison between three types of neighborhoods . 53
6.2.1 Comparison of Avg. CE between different types of neighborhoods 53
6.2.2 Comparison of Avg. CE from electricity and transport 54
6.2.3 Comparison of Avg. CE from electricity and transport with Income 55
6.3 Correlation analysis 55
6.3.1 Comparison of Carbon emissions with Income levels . 56
6.3.2 Comparison of carbon emission w.r.t physical and socio economic characters 57
6.3.3 Determining the correlation coefficients 59
6.4 Issues and potentials 60
6.5 Strategic interventions 62
7 SYNTHESIS AND FINDINGS 63
7.1 Results from correlation coefficients 65
7.2 Comparison of results of the study with case studies across the world 66
8 SCENARIO BUILDING 68
8.1 Population projections and Carbon Emissions estimations . 68
9 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSALS 73
9.1 Core neighborhood – Bhavanipuram 74
9.1.1 Emission reduction in various scenarios 74
9.1.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 75
9.1.3 Summary of strategies 76
9.2 Unplanned Peri Urban neighborhood- Currency Nagar 77
9.2.1 Emissions from various scenarios 77
9.2.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 78
9.2.3 Summary of strategies 79
9.3 Planned Peri Urban neighborhood- New Rajarajeswari Peta 80
9.3.1 Emission reduction in various Scenarios 80
9.3.2 Green Cover Absorption at Scenario III 81
9.3.3 Summary of strategies 82
9.4 Recommendations to public and private sectors 82
10 CONCLUSIONS 86
References . xiii
Appendix 1: Survey form. xv
Planning for Low Carbon Neighborhoods- A Case of Vijayawada City xiii
Appendix 2: Emission factors . xvii
Appendix 3: Parameters and units for Carbon emission calculations . xviii
Appendix 4: Review of International Low Carbon Development Plans . xix
Appendix 5: Calculation of Carbon Storage capacity of trees xx
Appendix 6: Analysis of energy savings from LED lamps and conventional lamps . xxi
Appendix 7A: Solar PV potential for Vijayawada City xxii
Appendix 7B: Applicability of available solar appliances in residential areas xxiii
Appendix 7C: Solar system description: Solar PV System . xxiv
Appendix 7D: Provision of Solar PV rooftop in different types of residential units xxvi
P TH-2476 / MAR