Evolution of designs : biological analogy in architecture and the applied arts
Steadman, Philip
Evolution of designs : biological analogy in architecture and the applied arts - London Routledge 2008 - xvii,302p.
CONTENTS
List of IIllustrations ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface to the revised edition xv
1Introduction 1
2. The Organic Analogy 8
3. The Classificatory Analogy: Building Types and Natural Species 21
4. The Anatomical Analogy: Engineering Structure and the Animal Skeleton 31
5. The Ecological analogy : Trial and error in the evolution of artefacts and Organism 54
6. The Darwinian Analogy: Trial and Error in the Evolution of Organisms and Artefacts 71
7. The Evolution of Decoration 99
8. Tools as Organs or as Extensions of the Physical Body 119
9. How to Speed up Craft Evolution 131
10. Design as Process of Growth 145
11.Biotechnics: Plants and Animals as Inventors 153
12. Hierarchical Strcuture and the Adaptive Process : Biological analogy in Alexander’s Notes on the Synthesis of Form 163
13. The Consequences of the Biological Fallacy: Functional Determinism 179
14. The Consequences of the Biological Fallacy: Historical determinism and the deniel of Tradition 201
15. What Remains of the Analogy? The History and Science of the artificial 217
Afterword : Developments since 1980 237
Notes 274
Index 295
9780415447539
745.409 / STE
Evolution of designs : biological analogy in architecture and the applied arts - London Routledge 2008 - xvii,302p.
CONTENTS
List of IIllustrations ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface to the revised edition xv
1Introduction 1
2. The Organic Analogy 8
3. The Classificatory Analogy: Building Types and Natural Species 21
4. The Anatomical Analogy: Engineering Structure and the Animal Skeleton 31
5. The Ecological analogy : Trial and error in the evolution of artefacts and Organism 54
6. The Darwinian Analogy: Trial and Error in the Evolution of Organisms and Artefacts 71
7. The Evolution of Decoration 99
8. Tools as Organs or as Extensions of the Physical Body 119
9. How to Speed up Craft Evolution 131
10. Design as Process of Growth 145
11.Biotechnics: Plants and Animals as Inventors 153
12. Hierarchical Strcuture and the Adaptive Process : Biological analogy in Alexander’s Notes on the Synthesis of Form 163
13. The Consequences of the Biological Fallacy: Functional Determinism 179
14. The Consequences of the Biological Fallacy: Historical determinism and the deniel of Tradition 201
15. What Remains of the Analogy? The History and Science of the artificial 217
Afterword : Developments since 1980 237
Notes 274
Index 295
9780415447539
745.409 / STE