City energy management : a case study of Hyderabad (Also available on CD)
Venkata Krishna, Y.
City energy management : a case study of Hyderabad (Also available on CD) - 2007 - ix,135p.,CD-ROM
Contents
CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE INDIA ENERGY SCENE 1
1.2 SUPPLY OPTIONS 6
1.3 RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS 7
1.4 ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 9
CHAPTER - II RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
2.1 VISION OF THE STUDY 11
2.2 NEED FOR THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT 11
2.3 AIMS & OBJECTIVES 12
2.4 METHODOLOGY 14
2.5 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 15
2.6 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS 16
CHAPTER - III LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICIES AND POTENTIALS 17
3.1.1 Energy Conservation Act & Important Features 18
3.1.2 Electricity Act, 2003 19
3.1.3 Renewable Energy Policy 2005 20
3.1.4 Various Programs and Schemes under MNES 22
3.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL (INDUSTRY, TRANSPORT AND HOUSEHOLD SECTORS) 23
3.2.1 Industrial Sector 23
3.2.2 Household Sector 25
3.2.3 Transportation Sector 25
3.3 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT 27
3.3.1 Benefits of DSM 27
3.4 ENVIRONMENT POLICIES AND PROTECTION MEASURES 28
3.4.1 Issues and actions taken in Five Year Plans for Air Environment Protection: 28
3.4.2 Cleaner Development Mechanism 29
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER -IV CASE STUDIES
4.1 THE CITY OF PHOENIX ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 31
4.1.1 Introduction: 31
4.2.2 Strategy 31
4.2.3 Results 32
4.2 ENERGY SAVINGS AND EFFICIENCY: NASIK AND BANGALORE EXPERIENCES 32
4.2.1 Nasik Municipal Corporation Street Lighting Project ESCO concept 32
4.2.2 BESCOM Efficient Lighting Programme 34
4.3 CII–SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE (GBC) IN HYDERABAD 36
4.3.1 Introduction: 36
4.3.2: Design Principles: 36
4.4 REDUCING THEFT BY IMPROVING ACCESS: AHMEDABAD SLUM ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT 37
4.4.1 Introduction: 37
4.4.2 Strategic Initiatives: 37
4.5 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS: APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES 38
4.5.1 Solar PV for Outdoor and Traffic Lighting 38
.5.2 Solar Water Pumping Systems 39
4.5.3 Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant 39
4.5.4 Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) 39
4.6 SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT FUELS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT 40
4.6.1 CNG (compressed natural gas) 40
4.6.2 LPG 40
4.6.3 Biodiesel 41
4.6.4 GTL 41
4.7 CONGESTION CHARGING 41
CHAPTER - V CASE OF HYDERABAD
5.1 STATE OF ENERGY IN ANDHRA PRADESH 43
5.2 OVERVIEW OF HYDERABAD 45
5.2.1 Background: 45
5.2.2 Location 46
5.2.3 Demography 47
5.2.4 Future Growth 50
5.2.5 Economy 52
5.2.6 Issues 54
5.2.7 State of Transport 56
5.2.8 State Of Environment 62
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER - VI ENERGY PROFILE & DEMAND ESTIMATONS
6.1 ENERGY PROFILE OF HYDERABAD CITY: 64
6.2 SECTORAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN 68
6.2.1 Residential Sector 68
6.2.2 Commercial Sector 69
6.2.3 Industrial Sector 70
6.2.4 Transport Sector 71
6.2.5 Public Utilities: 72
6.3 ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION (BASE YEAR) 73
6.3.1 Residential Sector 73
6.3.2 Transportation Sector: 79
6.4 ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION (PLANNING PERIOD): 82
6.4.1 Household Sector: 82
6.4.2 Transport Sector: 85
CHAPTER - VII ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL LINKAGE
7.1 EMISSION INVENTORY . 89
7.1.1 Emission Inventory for Domestic Sector: 89
7.1.2 Emission Inventory for Transport Sector: 92
CHAPTER - VIII OPTIONS & SAVINGS
8.1 OPTIONS FOR THE DOMESTIC SECTOR 97
8.1.1 Options considered for energy savings at various end uses in household sector 98
8.1.2 Technical Feasibility & Energy Savings: 100
8.1.3 Financial Viability 103
8.2 OPTIONS FOR THE TRANSPORT SECTOR . 107
8.2.1: Options considered for the construction of different scenarios in transport sector: 108
8.2.2: Status of Availability of CNG and LPG for transport system: 109
8.2.3 Financial Feasibility for Selected Options: 112
8.3 ENVIRONMENT & ECONOMY: 117
8.3.1 Reductions in Emissions: 117
CHAPTER - IX: RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD SECTOR 119
9.1.1 ESCO’s as Solution: 119
9.1.2 Public Awareness Building Programs: 120
9.1.3 Promotion through subsidies & loans: 121
9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRANSPORT SECTOR: 121
9.2.1 Regularizing the usage of CNG in Public Bus Transport System and Intermediate Public
Transport System: 121
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
9.2.2 Introduction of an Efficient Public Transport System: ... 122
9.2.3 Improvements in existing Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS): 122
9.2.4 Efficiency improvement for Private Vehicles: 123
9.2.5 Avoiding plying in movement of 7-seaters, inter-district bus transport system, goods
transport vehicles in the city. . 123
9.3 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL & PUBLIC SERVICES SECTORS: 123
9.4 INTEGRATION OF ENERGY PLANNING WITH CITY PLANNING: 124
REFERENCES 125
ANNEXURES 126
P TH-0974 / VEN
City energy management : a case study of Hyderabad (Also available on CD) - 2007 - ix,135p.,CD-ROM
Contents
CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE INDIA ENERGY SCENE 1
1.2 SUPPLY OPTIONS 6
1.3 RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS 7
1.4 ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 9
CHAPTER - II RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
2.1 VISION OF THE STUDY 11
2.2 NEED FOR THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT 11
2.3 AIMS & OBJECTIVES 12
2.4 METHODOLOGY 14
2.5 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 15
2.6 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS 16
CHAPTER - III LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICIES AND POTENTIALS 17
3.1.1 Energy Conservation Act & Important Features 18
3.1.2 Electricity Act, 2003 19
3.1.3 Renewable Energy Policy 2005 20
3.1.4 Various Programs and Schemes under MNES 22
3.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL (INDUSTRY, TRANSPORT AND HOUSEHOLD SECTORS) 23
3.2.1 Industrial Sector 23
3.2.2 Household Sector 25
3.2.3 Transportation Sector 25
3.3 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT 27
3.3.1 Benefits of DSM 27
3.4 ENVIRONMENT POLICIES AND PROTECTION MEASURES 28
3.4.1 Issues and actions taken in Five Year Plans for Air Environment Protection: 28
3.4.2 Cleaner Development Mechanism 29
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER -IV CASE STUDIES
4.1 THE CITY OF PHOENIX ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 31
4.1.1 Introduction: 31
4.2.2 Strategy 31
4.2.3 Results 32
4.2 ENERGY SAVINGS AND EFFICIENCY: NASIK AND BANGALORE EXPERIENCES 32
4.2.1 Nasik Municipal Corporation Street Lighting Project ESCO concept 32
4.2.2 BESCOM Efficient Lighting Programme 34
4.3 CII–SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE (GBC) IN HYDERABAD 36
4.3.1 Introduction: 36
4.3.2: Design Principles: 36
4.4 REDUCING THEFT BY IMPROVING ACCESS: AHMEDABAD SLUM ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT 37
4.4.1 Introduction: 37
4.4.2 Strategic Initiatives: 37
4.5 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS: APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES 38
4.5.1 Solar PV for Outdoor and Traffic Lighting 38
.5.2 Solar Water Pumping Systems 39
4.5.3 Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant 39
4.5.4 Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) 39
4.6 SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT FUELS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT 40
4.6.1 CNG (compressed natural gas) 40
4.6.2 LPG 40
4.6.3 Biodiesel 41
4.6.4 GTL 41
4.7 CONGESTION CHARGING 41
CHAPTER - V CASE OF HYDERABAD
5.1 STATE OF ENERGY IN ANDHRA PRADESH 43
5.2 OVERVIEW OF HYDERABAD 45
5.2.1 Background: 45
5.2.2 Location 46
5.2.3 Demography 47
5.2.4 Future Growth 50
5.2.5 Economy 52
5.2.6 Issues 54
5.2.7 State of Transport 56
5.2.8 State Of Environment 62
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER - VI ENERGY PROFILE & DEMAND ESTIMATONS
6.1 ENERGY PROFILE OF HYDERABAD CITY: 64
6.2 SECTORAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN 68
6.2.1 Residential Sector 68
6.2.2 Commercial Sector 69
6.2.3 Industrial Sector 70
6.2.4 Transport Sector 71
6.2.5 Public Utilities: 72
6.3 ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION (BASE YEAR) 73
6.3.1 Residential Sector 73
6.3.2 Transportation Sector: 79
6.4 ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION (PLANNING PERIOD): 82
6.4.1 Household Sector: 82
6.4.2 Transport Sector: 85
CHAPTER - VII ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL LINKAGE
7.1 EMISSION INVENTORY . 89
7.1.1 Emission Inventory for Domestic Sector: 89
7.1.2 Emission Inventory for Transport Sector: 92
CHAPTER - VIII OPTIONS & SAVINGS
8.1 OPTIONS FOR THE DOMESTIC SECTOR 97
8.1.1 Options considered for energy savings at various end uses in household sector 98
8.1.2 Technical Feasibility & Energy Savings: 100
8.1.3 Financial Viability 103
8.2 OPTIONS FOR THE TRANSPORT SECTOR . 107
8.2.1: Options considered for the construction of different scenarios in transport sector: 108
8.2.2: Status of Availability of CNG and LPG for transport system: 109
8.2.3 Financial Feasibility for Selected Options: 112
8.3 ENVIRONMENT & ECONOMY: 117
8.3.1 Reductions in Emissions: 117
CHAPTER - IX: RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD SECTOR 119
9.1.1 ESCO’s as Solution: 119
9.1.2 Public Awareness Building Programs: 120
9.1.3 Promotion through subsidies & loans: 121
9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRANSPORT SECTOR: 121
9.2.1 Regularizing the usage of CNG in Public Bus Transport System and Intermediate Public
Transport System: 121
CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION 2006-07
Y. VENKATA KRISHNA | CEPT UNIVERSITY
9.2.2 Introduction of an Efficient Public Transport System: ... 122
9.2.3 Improvements in existing Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS): 122
9.2.4 Efficiency improvement for Private Vehicles: 123
9.2.5 Avoiding plying in movement of 7-seaters, inter-district bus transport system, goods
transport vehicles in the city. . 123
9.3 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL & PUBLIC SERVICES SECTORS: 123
9.4 INTEGRATION OF ENERGY PLANNING WITH CITY PLANNING: 124
REFERENCES 125
ANNEXURES 126
P TH-0974 / VEN