Impact of urbanization on urban water bodies : case of nag river at Nagpur (Also available on CD)
Gadpale, Kanishk H.
Impact of urbanization on urban water bodies : case of nag river at Nagpur (Also available on CD) - 2013 - xvii,160,25p.,CD-ROM
CONTENTS List of tables ix List of figures x List of maps x List of Annexure xi EXECUTIVE SUMMERY xii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY 2 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION 4 1.4 AIM 5 1.5 OBJECTIVES 5 1.6 METHODOLOGY 5 1.7 SCOPE & LIMITATION 6 1.8 CHAPTERISATION 7 Chapter 1 - Introduction 7 Chapter 2 - Literature review 7 Chapter 3 - Baseline profile of Nagpur city 7 Chapter4 Data analysis 7 Chapter5 Conclusion 8 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 BASICS ON STREAM 9 2.2 CHANNEL EQUILIBRIUM 12 2.3 IMPACT OF URBANIZATION 13 2.4 THE VALUE OF STREAMS AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT 16 2.4.1 Quantifying the value of stream 16 2.5 WHAT STREAM NEEDS 17 2.5.1 Areas of concern for having healthy stream 18 2.5.2 Management objectives for helping the stream 18 2.6 INCENTIVES FOR URBAN STREAM RESTORATION (IMPROVEMENT/REJUVENATION) PROJECTS 21 2.7 WHAT IS RESTORATION? 22 2.7.1 Watershed perspective 23 2.7.2 Neighborhood perspective 24 2.7.3 When to act 24 2.8 TECHNICAL?S UNDERSTANDING OF STREAM NECESSARY FOR URBAN RIVER STAKEHOLDER 25 2.8.1 Overview of stream corridor 25 2.8.2 Cross section of stream corridor 26 2.8.3 Floodplain 27 2.8.4 Hydrology 30 2.9 LEGISLATION AND ITS ENFORCEMENT 34 2.9.1 IPC 1860 35 2.9.2 1948, the factories act 36 2.9.3 The river board act of 1956:- 36 2.9.4 The national Indian canal and drainage act of 1973 36 2.9.5 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 36 2.9.6 Environmental protection act in 1986 37 2.9.7 Public nuisance action against the polluters 38 2.9.8 Common law right to riparian owners to unpolluted water 38 2.9.9 National water framework act 38 2.10 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 40 3. BASELINE PROFILE OF NAGPUR CITY 41 3.1 REGIONAL SETTINGS OF STUDY AREA 41 3.2 THE CITY GROWTH 41 3.3 CITY PROFILE 45 3.3.1 Physical and Geographical character 45 3.3.2 Demographic characteristic 49 3.3.3 Density 51 3.3.4 Literacy and Sex Ratio 54 3.3.5 Population Forecast 54 3.3.6 Land use 54 3.4 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURES 55 3.4.1 Water supply 55 3.4.2 Sewage system 58 3.4.3 Storm water drainage 61 3.4.4 Solid waste management 64 3.4.5 Access of Slum dwellers to Basic Services 71 3.5 PHYSICAL PROFILE OF NAG RIVER 74 3.5.1 Physical profile of the rivers 74 3.5.2 Origin of the Rivers 77 3.5.3 Physical status of River 80 4. DATA ANALYSIS 81 4.1 ENVIRONMENT STATUS OF RIVER 81 4.1.1 Flow in the river 81 4.2.2 River water quality 82 4.3 ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHEDS 88 4.3.1 North zone (watershed of Pillli River) 90 Central zone (watershed of Nag River) 92 4.3.2 South zone (watershed of Pohra River) 94 4.4 ASSESSMENT OF NAG RIVER STRETCH 97 4.4.1 Activities on Nodal points 97 1} Chainage segment 0-720: 99 2} Chainage segment 720-2750: 100 3} Chainage segment 2750-4635: 101 4} Chainage segment 4635-5435: 105 5} Chainage segment 5435-6020: 107 6} Chainage segment 6020-7541: 109 7} Chainage segment 7541-8586: 110 8} Chainage segment 8586-8748: 112 9} Chainage segment 8748-10410: 114 10} Chainage segment 10410-12315: 115 11} Chainage segment 12315-13070: 117 12} Chainage segment 13070-15952: 118 13} Chainage segment 15952-16732: 120 14} Phutala Nallah stretch: 122 4.5 ASSESSMENT OF PILLI RIVER STRETCH 126 Bridge on road connecting Mahavir Hanuman Chowk near ring road. 126 Nallah connecting Pilli river near Anant Nagar Church close to Vaz Villa 127 Bridge across Pilli River on Ambedkar Road (Gorewada road) near Gorewada WTP 128 Gorewada lakes overflow point 128 4.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 130 4.5.1 Times of India and Maharashtra times Drive 130 4.5.2 Other activities 130 4.5.3 Nagpur Municipal Corporation's mega drive to clean Nag River and Stakeholders 131 4.5.4 Notices and removal of encroachments on NMCs Nag River drive 135 4.5.4 Stakeholders and NMCs efforts to improve River water quality 137 4.5.5 Denotification of part of Nag River from its origin to Ambazari lake 141 5. Summing up 145 5.1 ISSUES 145 5. 1.1 Problems of pollution in river and its impact 145 5. 1.2 River water quality monitoring 146 5. 1.3 Discharge of sewage into the river 147 5.1.4 Flow in river 147 5.1.5 Inadequate sewage network and storm water drainage network 148 5.1.6 Disposal of garbage in Nallahs and Rivers. 149 5.1.7 Deposition of silt and garbage 149 5.1.8 Slums on the banks of river 150 5.1.9 Denotification of first stretch of Nag River 151 5.2 EFFECT OF PROPOSALS AND ACTIVITIES 151 5.2.1 Proposed Decentralized waste water treatment plants 151 5.2.2 Proposed Sewage treatment plants 152 5.2.3 Proposed sewerage and storm water network 152 5.2.4 Eco-tourism project near Gorewada 153 5.2.5 Reuse of wastewater 153 5.2.6 Construction of check dams across the river 154 5.3 RECOMMENDATION 155 5.3.1Plantation of trees on the banks of river: 155 5.3.2 Plan for timely cleaning and desilting on the river stretch 155 5.3.3 Strategic Plan for slum improvement and relocation 155 5.3.4 Denotification process of first stretch of the river should ceased 156 5.3.5 NMC should ask for River environmental monitoring from organizations other than MPCB 156 5.3.6 Discharge of only waste water and DEWATS technology 156 Annexures 157
P TH-1520 / GAD
Impact of urbanization on urban water bodies : case of nag river at Nagpur (Also available on CD) - 2013 - xvii,160,25p.,CD-ROM
CONTENTS List of tables ix List of figures x List of maps x List of Annexure xi EXECUTIVE SUMMERY xii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY 2 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION 4 1.4 AIM 5 1.5 OBJECTIVES 5 1.6 METHODOLOGY 5 1.7 SCOPE & LIMITATION 6 1.8 CHAPTERISATION 7 Chapter 1 - Introduction 7 Chapter 2 - Literature review 7 Chapter 3 - Baseline profile of Nagpur city 7 Chapter4 Data analysis 7 Chapter5 Conclusion 8 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 BASICS ON STREAM 9 2.2 CHANNEL EQUILIBRIUM 12 2.3 IMPACT OF URBANIZATION 13 2.4 THE VALUE OF STREAMS AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT 16 2.4.1 Quantifying the value of stream 16 2.5 WHAT STREAM NEEDS 17 2.5.1 Areas of concern for having healthy stream 18 2.5.2 Management objectives for helping the stream 18 2.6 INCENTIVES FOR URBAN STREAM RESTORATION (IMPROVEMENT/REJUVENATION) PROJECTS 21 2.7 WHAT IS RESTORATION? 22 2.7.1 Watershed perspective 23 2.7.2 Neighborhood perspective 24 2.7.3 When to act 24 2.8 TECHNICAL?S UNDERSTANDING OF STREAM NECESSARY FOR URBAN RIVER STAKEHOLDER 25 2.8.1 Overview of stream corridor 25 2.8.2 Cross section of stream corridor 26 2.8.3 Floodplain 27 2.8.4 Hydrology 30 2.9 LEGISLATION AND ITS ENFORCEMENT 34 2.9.1 IPC 1860 35 2.9.2 1948, the factories act 36 2.9.3 The river board act of 1956:- 36 2.9.4 The national Indian canal and drainage act of 1973 36 2.9.5 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 36 2.9.6 Environmental protection act in 1986 37 2.9.7 Public nuisance action against the polluters 38 2.9.8 Common law right to riparian owners to unpolluted water 38 2.9.9 National water framework act 38 2.10 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 40 3. BASELINE PROFILE OF NAGPUR CITY 41 3.1 REGIONAL SETTINGS OF STUDY AREA 41 3.2 THE CITY GROWTH 41 3.3 CITY PROFILE 45 3.3.1 Physical and Geographical character 45 3.3.2 Demographic characteristic 49 3.3.3 Density 51 3.3.4 Literacy and Sex Ratio 54 3.3.5 Population Forecast 54 3.3.6 Land use 54 3.4 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURES 55 3.4.1 Water supply 55 3.4.2 Sewage system 58 3.4.3 Storm water drainage 61 3.4.4 Solid waste management 64 3.4.5 Access of Slum dwellers to Basic Services 71 3.5 PHYSICAL PROFILE OF NAG RIVER 74 3.5.1 Physical profile of the rivers 74 3.5.2 Origin of the Rivers 77 3.5.3 Physical status of River 80 4. DATA ANALYSIS 81 4.1 ENVIRONMENT STATUS OF RIVER 81 4.1.1 Flow in the river 81 4.2.2 River water quality 82 4.3 ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHEDS 88 4.3.1 North zone (watershed of Pillli River) 90 Central zone (watershed of Nag River) 92 4.3.2 South zone (watershed of Pohra River) 94 4.4 ASSESSMENT OF NAG RIVER STRETCH 97 4.4.1 Activities on Nodal points 97 1} Chainage segment 0-720: 99 2} Chainage segment 720-2750: 100 3} Chainage segment 2750-4635: 101 4} Chainage segment 4635-5435: 105 5} Chainage segment 5435-6020: 107 6} Chainage segment 6020-7541: 109 7} Chainage segment 7541-8586: 110 8} Chainage segment 8586-8748: 112 9} Chainage segment 8748-10410: 114 10} Chainage segment 10410-12315: 115 11} Chainage segment 12315-13070: 117 12} Chainage segment 13070-15952: 118 13} Chainage segment 15952-16732: 120 14} Phutala Nallah stretch: 122 4.5 ASSESSMENT OF PILLI RIVER STRETCH 126 Bridge on road connecting Mahavir Hanuman Chowk near ring road. 126 Nallah connecting Pilli river near Anant Nagar Church close to Vaz Villa 127 Bridge across Pilli River on Ambedkar Road (Gorewada road) near Gorewada WTP 128 Gorewada lakes overflow point 128 4.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 130 4.5.1 Times of India and Maharashtra times Drive 130 4.5.2 Other activities 130 4.5.3 Nagpur Municipal Corporation's mega drive to clean Nag River and Stakeholders 131 4.5.4 Notices and removal of encroachments on NMCs Nag River drive 135 4.5.4 Stakeholders and NMCs efforts to improve River water quality 137 4.5.5 Denotification of part of Nag River from its origin to Ambazari lake 141 5. Summing up 145 5.1 ISSUES 145 5. 1.1 Problems of pollution in river and its impact 145 5. 1.2 River water quality monitoring 146 5. 1.3 Discharge of sewage into the river 147 5.1.4 Flow in river 147 5.1.5 Inadequate sewage network and storm water drainage network 148 5.1.6 Disposal of garbage in Nallahs and Rivers. 149 5.1.7 Deposition of silt and garbage 149 5.1.8 Slums on the banks of river 150 5.1.9 Denotification of first stretch of Nag River 151 5.2 EFFECT OF PROPOSALS AND ACTIVITIES 151 5.2.1 Proposed Decentralized waste water treatment plants 151 5.2.2 Proposed Sewage treatment plants 152 5.2.3 Proposed sewerage and storm water network 152 5.2.4 Eco-tourism project near Gorewada 153 5.2.5 Reuse of wastewater 153 5.2.6 Construction of check dams across the river 154 5.3 RECOMMENDATION 155 5.3.1Plantation of trees on the banks of river: 155 5.3.2 Plan for timely cleaning and desilting on the river stretch 155 5.3.3 Strategic Plan for slum improvement and relocation 155 5.3.4 Denotification process of first stretch of the river should ceased 156 5.3.5 NMC should ask for River environmental monitoring from organizations other than MPCB 156 5.3.6 Discharge of only waste water and DEWATS technology 156 Annexures 157
P TH-1520 / GAD