Building competitive environment in urban public transport - case of Gujarat cities (Also available on CD)
Modi, Nivesh
Building competitive environment in urban public transport - case of Gujarat cities (Also available on CD) - 2008 - 115p.,CD-ROM
CONTENTS List of Figures ..- i List of Tables ..- . i Executive Summary ..ii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Context ..- . 1 1.2 Concept of Competition 3 1.3 Aim and Objectives 4 1.4 Scope & Limitation 4 1.5 Approach- . 4 2 Competition and Regulation in Urban Public Transport 6 2.1 Introduction ..- .. 6 2.2 Conditions for Effective Competition 7 2.2.1 The need for a diverse industrial structure .. 8 2.2.2 A sound legal and institutional framework.. 8 2.2.3 Competition and pricing ..- .. 9 2.3 Types of Regulation .. 10 2.3.1 Regulating operations and the industry . 10 2.3.2 Forms of Regulation/Intervention 11 2.3.3 Drawbacks of Regulation .. 12 2.4 Types of Competition 13 2.4.1 Competitive Tendering ..- .. 14 2.4.2 Components of Competitive Tendering 14 2.4.3 Type of Service Contracts . 16 2.4.4 Other Type of Contracts 25 2.4.5 Important Components of Contracts 26 2.5 Summary ..- . 32 2.5.1 Distribution of tasks and risks between procurer and operator 32 2.5.2 Parameters affecting triumph of Contracts . 33 2.5.3 Competing parameters in Contracts . 35 3 Bus Service Privatization Experiences 38 3.1 Cases from Developed Countries 38 3.1.1 Italian Experience- . 38 3.1.2 London (U.K) Experience . 40 3.1.3 Helsinki (Finland) Experience 43 3.1.4 Dijon (France) Experience . 47 3.1.5 Goteborg (Sweden) Experience 49 3.1.6 Bogota (Colombia) Experience 51 3.2 Cases from Developing Countries 55 3.2.1 Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Experience 55 3.2.2 Bangkok (Thailand) Experience 56 3.2.3 Santiago (Chile) Experience .. 57 3.3 Lessons Learnt from the Case studies .. 59 3.4 Indian Context ..- .. 61 3.4.1 Organization of PT in India 61 3.4.2 Poor Quality Service & Loss of Market Share: The Vicious Circle .. 62 3.4.3 Indian Experience with Privatization 62 3.4.4 Private versus Public Companies 68 4 Case of Gross Cost Contract- Ahmedabad . 69 4.1 City Profile ..- .. 69 4.2 Public Transport System .. 69 4.3 Management and Administration 69 4.4 Level of Operations and Coverage .. 70 4.5 Financial Performance 71 4.6 Reform ..- 72 4.7 Tender specification . 72 4.7.1 General clauses ..- 72 4.7.2 Competition inducing clauses . 74 4.8 Result and Impact..- .. 76 4.9 Analysis and Conclusion .. 78 5 Case of Net Cost Contract - Surat . 80 5.1 City Profile ..- .. 80 5.2 Public Transport System .. 80 5.3 Level of operation and coverage . 81 5.4 Financial Performance 82 5.5 Reform ..- 83 5.6 Tender specification . 84 5.6.1 General clauses ..- 84 5.6.2 Competition inducing clauses . 85 5.7 Result and Impact..- .. 88 5.8 Analysis and Conclusion .. 90 6 Case of Net Cost Contract - Rajkot 92 6.1 City Profile ..- .. 92 6.2 Public Transport System .. 92 6.3 Level of operation and coverage . 92 6.4 Reform ..- 93 6.5 Tender specification . 93 6.5.1 General clauses ..- 93 6.5.2 Competition inducing clauses . 95 6.6 Result and Impact..- .. 97 6.7 Analysis and Conclusion .. 98 7 Comparison of Contracts .. 100 7.1 Type of Contract and number of operators 100 7.2 Contract period and renewal criteria . 101 7.3 Bonus and Penalty clause 102 7.4 Technical Specification regarding the fleet 103 7.5 Operators Requirement . 104 7.6 Drivers requirement 104 7.7 Frequency and Route modification 105 7.8 Premium/Subsidy .. 106 7.9 Standby buses 106 7.10 Tender allocation criteria 107 7.11 Analysis ..- . 107 7.12 Conclusion ..- .. 111 Bibliography ..- .. 113
P TH-1038 / MOD
Building competitive environment in urban public transport - case of Gujarat cities (Also available on CD) - 2008 - 115p.,CD-ROM
CONTENTS List of Figures ..- i List of Tables ..- . i Executive Summary ..ii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Context ..- . 1 1.2 Concept of Competition 3 1.3 Aim and Objectives 4 1.4 Scope & Limitation 4 1.5 Approach- . 4 2 Competition and Regulation in Urban Public Transport 6 2.1 Introduction ..- .. 6 2.2 Conditions for Effective Competition 7 2.2.1 The need for a diverse industrial structure .. 8 2.2.2 A sound legal and institutional framework.. 8 2.2.3 Competition and pricing ..- .. 9 2.3 Types of Regulation .. 10 2.3.1 Regulating operations and the industry . 10 2.3.2 Forms of Regulation/Intervention 11 2.3.3 Drawbacks of Regulation .. 12 2.4 Types of Competition 13 2.4.1 Competitive Tendering ..- .. 14 2.4.2 Components of Competitive Tendering 14 2.4.3 Type of Service Contracts . 16 2.4.4 Other Type of Contracts 25 2.4.5 Important Components of Contracts 26 2.5 Summary ..- . 32 2.5.1 Distribution of tasks and risks between procurer and operator 32 2.5.2 Parameters affecting triumph of Contracts . 33 2.5.3 Competing parameters in Contracts . 35 3 Bus Service Privatization Experiences 38 3.1 Cases from Developed Countries 38 3.1.1 Italian Experience- . 38 3.1.2 London (U.K) Experience . 40 3.1.3 Helsinki (Finland) Experience 43 3.1.4 Dijon (France) Experience . 47 3.1.5 Goteborg (Sweden) Experience 49 3.1.6 Bogota (Colombia) Experience 51 3.2 Cases from Developing Countries 55 3.2.1 Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Experience 55 3.2.2 Bangkok (Thailand) Experience 56 3.2.3 Santiago (Chile) Experience .. 57 3.3 Lessons Learnt from the Case studies .. 59 3.4 Indian Context ..- .. 61 3.4.1 Organization of PT in India 61 3.4.2 Poor Quality Service & Loss of Market Share: The Vicious Circle .. 62 3.4.3 Indian Experience with Privatization 62 3.4.4 Private versus Public Companies 68 4 Case of Gross Cost Contract- Ahmedabad . 69 4.1 City Profile ..- .. 69 4.2 Public Transport System .. 69 4.3 Management and Administration 69 4.4 Level of Operations and Coverage .. 70 4.5 Financial Performance 71 4.6 Reform ..- 72 4.7 Tender specification . 72 4.7.1 General clauses ..- 72 4.7.2 Competition inducing clauses . 74 4.8 Result and Impact..- .. 76 4.9 Analysis and Conclusion .. 78 5 Case of Net Cost Contract - Surat . 80 5.1 City Profile ..- .. 80 5.2 Public Transport System .. 80 5.3 Level of operation and coverage . 81 5.4 Financial Performance 82 5.5 Reform ..- 83 5.6 Tender specification . 84 5.6.1 General clauses ..- 84 5.6.2 Competition inducing clauses . 85 5.7 Result and Impact..- .. 88 5.8 Analysis and Conclusion .. 90 6 Case of Net Cost Contract - Rajkot 92 6.1 City Profile ..- .. 92 6.2 Public Transport System .. 92 6.3 Level of operation and coverage . 92 6.4 Reform ..- 93 6.5 Tender specification . 93 6.5.1 General clauses ..- 93 6.5.2 Competition inducing clauses . 95 6.6 Result and Impact..- .. 97 6.7 Analysis and Conclusion .. 98 7 Comparison of Contracts .. 100 7.1 Type of Contract and number of operators 100 7.2 Contract period and renewal criteria . 101 7.3 Bonus and Penalty clause 102 7.4 Technical Specification regarding the fleet 103 7.5 Operators Requirement . 104 7.6 Drivers requirement 104 7.7 Frequency and Route modification 105 7.8 Premium/Subsidy .. 106 7.9 Standby buses 106 7.10 Tender allocation criteria 107 7.11 Analysis ..- . 107 7.12 Conclusion ..- .. 111 Bibliography ..- .. 113
P TH-1038 / MOD