Strategies for lake management in urban context : a case of Ahmedabad (Also available on CD)
Pancholi, Diana
Strategies for lake management in urban context : a case of Ahmedabad (Also available on CD) - 2007 - x,82,xiip.,CD-ROM
ABBREVIATIONS ..- A 1 INTRODUCTION- 1 1.1 NEED FOR STUDY..- 1 1.2 AIM ..- ..1 1.3 OBJECTIVE ..- 1 1.3.1 Sub -Objective- 2 1.4 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS- ..2 1.5 METHODOLOGY ..- ..3 1.6 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK- 4 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..- 5 2.1 LAKES ..- ..5 2.1.1 Characteristics of Lake- .5 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF LAKES..- ..5 2.3 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE ..- .6 2.4 ZONES OF LIFE IN LAKES..- 6 2.5 LAKE CLASSIFICATION..- .7 2.5.1 Based on Origin..- ..7 2.5.2 Biotic classification of lakes ..- 7 2.6 URBANIZATION ..- ..8 2.7 URBAN SPRAWL..- ..8 2.8 URBAN LAKES..- 8 2.8.1 Uniqueness of Urban lakes..- .8 2.8.2 Urban Lakes Characteristics..- ..9 2.9 EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION- ..9 2.10 DEATH OF LAKES ..- ..10 2.10.1 Environmental Status of Lakes in India ..- 10 2.10.2 Pollutants Entering From Fixed Point Sources 11 2.10.3 Pollutants Entering from Non- Point Sources ..1- 1 2.10.4 Other Basin-related causes of Impairment ..- 11 2.11 STATUS REVIEW..- .11 2.12 PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED- 12 2.13 MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LAKES ..- ..13 2.13.1 Techniques for Management- ..13 2.13.1.1 Administrative Alternatives ..- .. 13 2.13.1.2 Structural Alternatives ..- . 13 2.13.1.3 Non-Structural Alternatives ..- .. 14 2.13.1.4 Management Alternatives ..- . 14 2.13.1.5 Steps for Management Practices ..- 14 2.14 RESTORATION OF LAKES..- ..14 2.14.1 Watershed Management- 14 2.14.2 Control of Non-point source of Pollution ..- .15 2.14.3 In-Lake Treatment Works ..- 15 2.15 VASTRAPUR LAKE RESTORATION (CASE-1)- .16 2.15.1 Historical Background- .16 2.15.2 Population- 17 2.15.3 Source of Water ..- .18 2.15.4 Water Demand ..- ..18 2.15.5 The Talav ..- 18 2.15.6 Rejuvenation of Vastrapur Lake ..- 20 2.15.6.1 Proposed Interventions- .. 20 2.15.6.2 Development of the Lake- . 20 SAFILGUDA LAKE: HUDA (CASE-II) ..- ..21 2.15.7 Activities taken up by the Authority ..- 22 2.15.8 Results.- 22 2.16 RESTORATION OF CHANDLER POND: BOSTON (CASE-III) 22 2.16.1 Project Objective ..- 23 2.16.2 Issues..- 23 2.17 INFERENCES FROM CASE STUDY ..- 23 3 STUDY AREA- 24 3.1 AHMEDABAD CITY- 24 3.1.1 Location and Aerial Extent..- 24 3.1.2 Urban Sprawl ..- ..25 3.1.3 Landuse.- .27 3.1.4 Natural Parameters ..- 29 3.1.4.1 Area location- 29 3.1.4.2 Geology.- . 29 3.1.4.3 Hydro-geomorphology..- 29 3.1.4.4 Topography- .. 29 3.1.4.5 Climate.- .. 29 4 TALAVDIS IN CONTEXT OF AHMEDABAD- 31 4.1 INTRODUCTION- 31 4.1.1 Past Roles ..- 31 4.1.2 Present Situation- ..31 4.1.3 Realities Missed..- .32 REVITALIZING TALAVDIS: AN URGENT NEED- ..32 4.2 LAKES TEMPORAL CHANGE ..- ..33 4.3 HIGH COURT JUDGMENT PERTAINING TO TALAVDIS OF AHMEDABAD 34 5 CASE STUDY: BOPAL LAKE- ..37 5.1 SELECTION CRITERIA ..- ..37 5.2 LOCATION- ..37 5.2.1 Administrative Location- ..37 5.2.2 Geographic Location- .38 5.3 BASE LINE PROFILE OF BOPAL..- 38 5.3.1 Socio Economic Profile ..- 38 5.3.1.1 Population ..- 38 5.3.1.2 Population Growth Rate- .. 39 5.3.1.3 Socio-Economic Status of Households in Catchments area 39 5.3.2 Land Use- 40 5.3.2.1 Settlements and Land Conversion- 40 5.3.3 Village Infrastructure ..- ..41 5.3.3.1 Water Supply ..- 41 5.3.3.2 Sewerage & Storm Water Drainage ..- 41 5.3.3.3 Solid Waste Management ..- . 42 5.3.3.4 Road Network and Transportation ..- .. 42 5.4 BOPAL LAKE ..- 42 5.4.1 Location- .42 5.4.2 Climate ..- ..43 5.5 SPATIAL ANALYSIS ..- .44 5.5.1 Regional water network.- .44 5.5.2 Contour map- ..44 5.5.3 Drainage and Watershed- .45 5.5.4 Catchments Area NAD SLOPE..- 46 5.5.5 Road network map ..- ..47 5.5.6 Degrading Water Quality ..- .47 5.5.7 Solid Waste Disposal ..- ..48 5.5.8 Depleting Water Quantity- 48 5.5.9 Biodiversity Linkages ..- ..48 5.6 WATER BALANCE ..- ..48 5.6.1 Critical Role of Lakes ..- ..48 5.6.2 Ground Water Balance.- ..49 5.7 ULTIMATE ENVIRONMENT THRESHOLD ANALYSIS ..- ..51 5.7.1 Phase Setting the Task- 51 5.7.1.1 Phase 1: Defining the Problem.- . 51 5.7.1.2 Phase 2: Identifying UET's..- 51 5.7.1.3 Phase 3: Defining 'Solution Spaces' ..- 52 5.7.1.4 Phase 4: Interpretation ..- . 52 5.7.2 UET of Bopal Lake ..- .52 5.7.2.1 Stage1: Defining the Aim- 52 5.7.2.2 Stage 2: Defining the List of Developments and Related Activities .. 52 5.7.2.3 Stage 3: Defining the Scope of Analysis- . 52 5.7.2.4 Stage 4: Analysis of Relationship Between Resources and Activities 53 5.7.2.5 Final Interaction Matrices ..- . 56 5.7.2.6 Result ..- .. 57 6 LAKE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN: WESTERN AUDA REGION ..58 6.1 LAKE MANAGEMENT BY AHMEDABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY58 6.1.1 Vastrapur Lake Rejuvenation A Pilot Project ..- .59 6.1.1.1 Major Issues..- 59 6.1.1.2 Actions within Lake Area ..- . 60 6.1.1.3 Development Outside Lake Area ..- 60 6.1.2 Future Development of Bopal Lake ..- 61 6.1.2.1 Advantages of Developing Bopal Lake: Existing Management Plan.. 61 6.1.2.2 Disadvantages of Developing Bopal Lake: Existing Management plan.. 62 7 DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES- 63 7.1 ASSESSMENT APPROACH: ..- .63 7.1.1 Level 1: Natural Condition Conservation- ..63 7.1.1.1 Management System..- 63 7.1.1.2 Major Issues and Impacts.- 64 7.1.1.3 Limitation of the conversationalist approach ..- . 65 7.1.2 Level 2: Local area development- .65 7.1.2.1 Management System..- 65 7.1.2.2 Major Impacts and Issues..- .. 66 7.1.2.3 Limitation of the Local Area Development Approach 67 7.1.3 Level 3: Regional Development Alternative ..- ..67 7.1.3.1 Management System..- 67 7.1.3.2 Major Impacts and Issues..- .. 68 7.1.3.3 Limitation of the Local Area Development Approach 69 7.1.4 Integrated Development Approaches: ..- .69 7.1.4.1 Stage: 1 ..- 70 7.1.4.2 Stage: 2 ..- 70 7.1.4.3 Stage: 3 ..- 72 7.1.5 Measures for Bopal Lake- .73 7.1.5.1 Public participation ..- . 73 7.1.5.2 Institutional measures: ..- . 74 7.1.5.3 Technical Measures- .. 74 7.1.5.4 Planning Measures ..- .. 74 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..- ..76 8.1 CONCLUSIONS ..- ..76 8.2 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS..- ..77 8.2.1 Recommended Management Options.- 78 8.2.1.1 General options ..- . 78 8.2.1.2 Policy framework- .. 78 8.2.1.3 Regulatory framework ..- . 78 8.2.1.4 Institutional framework- .. 79 REFERENCES- ..- .80
P TH-0948 / PAN
Strategies for lake management in urban context : a case of Ahmedabad (Also available on CD) - 2007 - x,82,xiip.,CD-ROM
ABBREVIATIONS ..- A 1 INTRODUCTION- 1 1.1 NEED FOR STUDY..- 1 1.2 AIM ..- ..1 1.3 OBJECTIVE ..- 1 1.3.1 Sub -Objective- 2 1.4 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS- ..2 1.5 METHODOLOGY ..- ..3 1.6 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK- 4 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..- 5 2.1 LAKES ..- ..5 2.1.1 Characteristics of Lake- .5 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF LAKES..- ..5 2.3 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE ..- .6 2.4 ZONES OF LIFE IN LAKES..- 6 2.5 LAKE CLASSIFICATION..- .7 2.5.1 Based on Origin..- ..7 2.5.2 Biotic classification of lakes ..- 7 2.6 URBANIZATION ..- ..8 2.7 URBAN SPRAWL..- ..8 2.8 URBAN LAKES..- 8 2.8.1 Uniqueness of Urban lakes..- .8 2.8.2 Urban Lakes Characteristics..- ..9 2.9 EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION- ..9 2.10 DEATH OF LAKES ..- ..10 2.10.1 Environmental Status of Lakes in India ..- 10 2.10.2 Pollutants Entering From Fixed Point Sources 11 2.10.3 Pollutants Entering from Non- Point Sources ..1- 1 2.10.4 Other Basin-related causes of Impairment ..- 11 2.11 STATUS REVIEW..- .11 2.12 PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED- 12 2.13 MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LAKES ..- ..13 2.13.1 Techniques for Management- ..13 2.13.1.1 Administrative Alternatives ..- .. 13 2.13.1.2 Structural Alternatives ..- . 13 2.13.1.3 Non-Structural Alternatives ..- .. 14 2.13.1.4 Management Alternatives ..- . 14 2.13.1.5 Steps for Management Practices ..- 14 2.14 RESTORATION OF LAKES..- ..14 2.14.1 Watershed Management- 14 2.14.2 Control of Non-point source of Pollution ..- .15 2.14.3 In-Lake Treatment Works ..- 15 2.15 VASTRAPUR LAKE RESTORATION (CASE-1)- .16 2.15.1 Historical Background- .16 2.15.2 Population- 17 2.15.3 Source of Water ..- .18 2.15.4 Water Demand ..- ..18 2.15.5 The Talav ..- 18 2.15.6 Rejuvenation of Vastrapur Lake ..- 20 2.15.6.1 Proposed Interventions- .. 20 2.15.6.2 Development of the Lake- . 20 SAFILGUDA LAKE: HUDA (CASE-II) ..- ..21 2.15.7 Activities taken up by the Authority ..- 22 2.15.8 Results.- 22 2.16 RESTORATION OF CHANDLER POND: BOSTON (CASE-III) 22 2.16.1 Project Objective ..- 23 2.16.2 Issues..- 23 2.17 INFERENCES FROM CASE STUDY ..- 23 3 STUDY AREA- 24 3.1 AHMEDABAD CITY- 24 3.1.1 Location and Aerial Extent..- 24 3.1.2 Urban Sprawl ..- ..25 3.1.3 Landuse.- .27 3.1.4 Natural Parameters ..- 29 3.1.4.1 Area location- 29 3.1.4.2 Geology.- . 29 3.1.4.3 Hydro-geomorphology..- 29 3.1.4.4 Topography- .. 29 3.1.4.5 Climate.- .. 29 4 TALAVDIS IN CONTEXT OF AHMEDABAD- 31 4.1 INTRODUCTION- 31 4.1.1 Past Roles ..- 31 4.1.2 Present Situation- ..31 4.1.3 Realities Missed..- .32 REVITALIZING TALAVDIS: AN URGENT NEED- ..32 4.2 LAKES TEMPORAL CHANGE ..- ..33 4.3 HIGH COURT JUDGMENT PERTAINING TO TALAVDIS OF AHMEDABAD 34 5 CASE STUDY: BOPAL LAKE- ..37 5.1 SELECTION CRITERIA ..- ..37 5.2 LOCATION- ..37 5.2.1 Administrative Location- ..37 5.2.2 Geographic Location- .38 5.3 BASE LINE PROFILE OF BOPAL..- 38 5.3.1 Socio Economic Profile ..- 38 5.3.1.1 Population ..- 38 5.3.1.2 Population Growth Rate- .. 39 5.3.1.3 Socio-Economic Status of Households in Catchments area 39 5.3.2 Land Use- 40 5.3.2.1 Settlements and Land Conversion- 40 5.3.3 Village Infrastructure ..- ..41 5.3.3.1 Water Supply ..- 41 5.3.3.2 Sewerage & Storm Water Drainage ..- 41 5.3.3.3 Solid Waste Management ..- . 42 5.3.3.4 Road Network and Transportation ..- .. 42 5.4 BOPAL LAKE ..- 42 5.4.1 Location- .42 5.4.2 Climate ..- ..43 5.5 SPATIAL ANALYSIS ..- .44 5.5.1 Regional water network.- .44 5.5.2 Contour map- ..44 5.5.3 Drainage and Watershed- .45 5.5.4 Catchments Area NAD SLOPE..- 46 5.5.5 Road network map ..- ..47 5.5.6 Degrading Water Quality ..- .47 5.5.7 Solid Waste Disposal ..- ..48 5.5.8 Depleting Water Quantity- 48 5.5.9 Biodiversity Linkages ..- ..48 5.6 WATER BALANCE ..- ..48 5.6.1 Critical Role of Lakes ..- ..48 5.6.2 Ground Water Balance.- ..49 5.7 ULTIMATE ENVIRONMENT THRESHOLD ANALYSIS ..- ..51 5.7.1 Phase Setting the Task- 51 5.7.1.1 Phase 1: Defining the Problem.- . 51 5.7.1.2 Phase 2: Identifying UET's..- 51 5.7.1.3 Phase 3: Defining 'Solution Spaces' ..- 52 5.7.1.4 Phase 4: Interpretation ..- . 52 5.7.2 UET of Bopal Lake ..- .52 5.7.2.1 Stage1: Defining the Aim- 52 5.7.2.2 Stage 2: Defining the List of Developments and Related Activities .. 52 5.7.2.3 Stage 3: Defining the Scope of Analysis- . 52 5.7.2.4 Stage 4: Analysis of Relationship Between Resources and Activities 53 5.7.2.5 Final Interaction Matrices ..- . 56 5.7.2.6 Result ..- .. 57 6 LAKE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN: WESTERN AUDA REGION ..58 6.1 LAKE MANAGEMENT BY AHMEDABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY58 6.1.1 Vastrapur Lake Rejuvenation A Pilot Project ..- .59 6.1.1.1 Major Issues..- 59 6.1.1.2 Actions within Lake Area ..- . 60 6.1.1.3 Development Outside Lake Area ..- 60 6.1.2 Future Development of Bopal Lake ..- 61 6.1.2.1 Advantages of Developing Bopal Lake: Existing Management Plan.. 61 6.1.2.2 Disadvantages of Developing Bopal Lake: Existing Management plan.. 62 7 DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES- 63 7.1 ASSESSMENT APPROACH: ..- .63 7.1.1 Level 1: Natural Condition Conservation- ..63 7.1.1.1 Management System..- 63 7.1.1.2 Major Issues and Impacts.- 64 7.1.1.3 Limitation of the conversationalist approach ..- . 65 7.1.2 Level 2: Local area development- .65 7.1.2.1 Management System..- 65 7.1.2.2 Major Impacts and Issues..- .. 66 7.1.2.3 Limitation of the Local Area Development Approach 67 7.1.3 Level 3: Regional Development Alternative ..- ..67 7.1.3.1 Management System..- 67 7.1.3.2 Major Impacts and Issues..- .. 68 7.1.3.3 Limitation of the Local Area Development Approach 69 7.1.4 Integrated Development Approaches: ..- .69 7.1.4.1 Stage: 1 ..- 70 7.1.4.2 Stage: 2 ..- 70 7.1.4.3 Stage: 3 ..- 72 7.1.5 Measures for Bopal Lake- .73 7.1.5.1 Public participation ..- . 73 7.1.5.2 Institutional measures: ..- . 74 7.1.5.3 Technical Measures- .. 74 7.1.5.4 Planning Measures ..- .. 74 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..- ..76 8.1 CONCLUSIONS ..- ..76 8.2 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS..- ..77 8.2.1 Recommended Management Options.- 78 8.2.1.1 General options ..- . 78 8.2.1.2 Policy framework- .. 78 8.2.1.3 Regulatory framework ..- . 78 8.2.1.4 Institutional framework- .. 79 REFERENCES- ..- .80
P TH-0948 / PAN