Water resources engineering
Wurbs, Ralph A.
Water resources engineering - Ed.6 - New Delhi PHI Learning Pvt Ltd 2010 - x,828p.
CONTENTS PREFACE ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Water Resources Engineering Disciplines 1 1.2 Water Management Sectors 3 1.3The Water Management Community18 1.4Computer Models in Water Resources Engineering 29 1.5 Units of Measure 37 References 38 CHAPTER 2 HYDR0LOGY 39 2.1 Water 40 2.2 Hydroclimatology 44 2.3 Atmospheric Processes 55 2.4 Precipitation 58 2.5 Evaporation and Transpiration 68 2.6 Units of Measure for Depth, Area, Volume, and Volumetric Rates 76 2.7 Watershed Hydrology and Streamflow 80 2.8 Subsurface Water 89 2.9 Erosion and Sedimentation 91 2.10 Water Quality 92 2.11Climatic, Hydrologic, and Water Quality Data 99 Problems 102 References 104 CHAPTER 3FLUID MECHANICS 107 3.1 Units107 3.2 Properties of Water108 3.3 Statics111 3.4 Classification of Fluid Flow117 3.5 Reynolds Transport Theorem118 3.6 Dimensional Analysis119 3.7 Conservation of Mass, Energy, and Momentum 123 3.8 Newton- Raphson Formula125 Problems126 Bibliography 129 CHAPTER 4HYDRAULICS OF PIPELINES AND PIPE NETWORKS 130 4.1 Basic Equations for Steady Flow 130 4.2 Pumps in Pipelines139 4.3 Culverts 151 4.4 Pipelines Connecting Reservoirs156 4.5 Pipe Network Systems 165 4.6 Unsteady Flow 198 4.7 Generalized Pipe System Simulation Models 233 Problems 234 Bibliography250 CHAPTER 5 OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS 252 5.1 Open Channels 252 5.2 Flow Classification 254 5.3 Uniform Flow 254 5.4 Critical Flow 261 5.5 Computing Normal and Critical Depth 266 5.6 Channel Design 270 5.7 Gradually Varied Steady Flow 279 5.8 Rapidly Varied Steady Flow 311 5.9 Unsteady Flow 324 5.10 Generalized Open Channel Hydraulics Models 341 Problems 341 Bibliography355 CHAPTER 6 FLOOD ROUTING 356 6.1 Hydrologic Routing357 6.2 Kinematic Routing 369 6.3 Hydraulic Stream Routing 374 6.4 Dam Break Analysis 385 6.5 Watershed Routing 391 6.6 Generalized Flood Routing Models 398 Problems 398 References and Bibliography 406 CHAPTER 7 HYDROLOGIC FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 4O8 7.1 Hydrologic Random Variables and Data 408 7.2 Probability Relationships 411 7.3 Binomial Distribution and Risk Formula 412 7.4 Empirical Relative Frequency Relations 415 7.5 Analytical Probability Distributions 417 7.6 Frequency Graphs 424 7.7 Bulletin 17B Flood Frequency Analysis Methodologies 426 7.8 Other Flood Frequency Analysis Methods 432 7.9 Flow-Duration, Concentration-Duration, and Low-Flow Frequency Relationships 439 7.10 Reservoir/River System Reliability 443 7.11 Precipitation Frequency Analysis 445 7.12 Probable Maximum Storm 452 Problems 455 References 460 CHAPTER 8 MODELING WATERSHED HYDROLOGY 462 8.1 Watershed Hydrology 462 8.2Watershed Models 464 8.3 Watershed Characteristics 469 8.4Rational Method for Estimating Peak Flow 474 8.5 Separating Precipitation into Abstractions and Runoff 477 8.6 Unit Hydrograph Approach for Estimating Flow Rates 488 8.7Erosion and Sediment Yield 502 8,8.Water Quality Modeling 510 8.9 Generalized Watershed Simulation Models 520 Problems 525 References 531 CHAPTER 9 GROUNDWATER ENGINEERING 534 9.1 Subsurface Water 534 93. Basic Equations of Groundwater Flow 538 9.3 Wells 557 9.4 Flow Net Analysis 576 9.5 Numerical Methods 584 9.6 Groundwater Quality 602 9-7 Generalized Groundwater Models 609: Problems 610 Bibliography 620 CHAPTER 10 URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT 622 10.1 Stormwater Collection Systems 623 10.2 On-Site Detention Basins 638 10.3 Regional Detention Facilities 655 10.4 Water Quality 663 10.5 Flood-Damage Mitigation 690 Problems 697 Bibliography 707 CHAPTER 11 WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 709 11.1 The Systems Philosophy 709 11.2 Economic Analysis711 11.3 Simulation of Flood Damage Reduction Systems 720 11.4 Simulation and Optimization 729 11.5 Linear Programming (LP) 731 11.6 Network Flow Programming 751 11.7 Zero-One Integer Programming 753 Problems 756 References 767 CHAPTER 12 RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 769 12.1 River Basin Systems770 12.2 Dams, Reservoirs, and Associated Facilities 771 12.3 Water Rights and Water Allocation Systems 782 12.4 Water Quality Management 792 12.5 Ecosystem Management 796 12.6 Rivers and Reservoirs of the World 798 12.7 Major River/Reservoir Systems in the United States 802 12.8 River Basin Management Computer Models 816 References 819 INDEX 821
8120321510
627 / WUR
Water resources engineering - Ed.6 - New Delhi PHI Learning Pvt Ltd 2010 - x,828p.
CONTENTS PREFACE ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Water Resources Engineering Disciplines 1 1.2 Water Management Sectors 3 1.3The Water Management Community18 1.4Computer Models in Water Resources Engineering 29 1.5 Units of Measure 37 References 38 CHAPTER 2 HYDR0LOGY 39 2.1 Water 40 2.2 Hydroclimatology 44 2.3 Atmospheric Processes 55 2.4 Precipitation 58 2.5 Evaporation and Transpiration 68 2.6 Units of Measure for Depth, Area, Volume, and Volumetric Rates 76 2.7 Watershed Hydrology and Streamflow 80 2.8 Subsurface Water 89 2.9 Erosion and Sedimentation 91 2.10 Water Quality 92 2.11Climatic, Hydrologic, and Water Quality Data 99 Problems 102 References 104 CHAPTER 3FLUID MECHANICS 107 3.1 Units107 3.2 Properties of Water108 3.3 Statics111 3.4 Classification of Fluid Flow117 3.5 Reynolds Transport Theorem118 3.6 Dimensional Analysis119 3.7 Conservation of Mass, Energy, and Momentum 123 3.8 Newton- Raphson Formula125 Problems126 Bibliography 129 CHAPTER 4HYDRAULICS OF PIPELINES AND PIPE NETWORKS 130 4.1 Basic Equations for Steady Flow 130 4.2 Pumps in Pipelines139 4.3 Culverts 151 4.4 Pipelines Connecting Reservoirs156 4.5 Pipe Network Systems 165 4.6 Unsteady Flow 198 4.7 Generalized Pipe System Simulation Models 233 Problems 234 Bibliography250 CHAPTER 5 OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS 252 5.1 Open Channels 252 5.2 Flow Classification 254 5.3 Uniform Flow 254 5.4 Critical Flow 261 5.5 Computing Normal and Critical Depth 266 5.6 Channel Design 270 5.7 Gradually Varied Steady Flow 279 5.8 Rapidly Varied Steady Flow 311 5.9 Unsteady Flow 324 5.10 Generalized Open Channel Hydraulics Models 341 Problems 341 Bibliography355 CHAPTER 6 FLOOD ROUTING 356 6.1 Hydrologic Routing357 6.2 Kinematic Routing 369 6.3 Hydraulic Stream Routing 374 6.4 Dam Break Analysis 385 6.5 Watershed Routing 391 6.6 Generalized Flood Routing Models 398 Problems 398 References and Bibliography 406 CHAPTER 7 HYDROLOGIC FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 4O8 7.1 Hydrologic Random Variables and Data 408 7.2 Probability Relationships 411 7.3 Binomial Distribution and Risk Formula 412 7.4 Empirical Relative Frequency Relations 415 7.5 Analytical Probability Distributions 417 7.6 Frequency Graphs 424 7.7 Bulletin 17B Flood Frequency Analysis Methodologies 426 7.8 Other Flood Frequency Analysis Methods 432 7.9 Flow-Duration, Concentration-Duration, and Low-Flow Frequency Relationships 439 7.10 Reservoir/River System Reliability 443 7.11 Precipitation Frequency Analysis 445 7.12 Probable Maximum Storm 452 Problems 455 References 460 CHAPTER 8 MODELING WATERSHED HYDROLOGY 462 8.1 Watershed Hydrology 462 8.2Watershed Models 464 8.3 Watershed Characteristics 469 8.4Rational Method for Estimating Peak Flow 474 8.5 Separating Precipitation into Abstractions and Runoff 477 8.6 Unit Hydrograph Approach for Estimating Flow Rates 488 8.7Erosion and Sediment Yield 502 8,8.Water Quality Modeling 510 8.9 Generalized Watershed Simulation Models 520 Problems 525 References 531 CHAPTER 9 GROUNDWATER ENGINEERING 534 9.1 Subsurface Water 534 93. Basic Equations of Groundwater Flow 538 9.3 Wells 557 9.4 Flow Net Analysis 576 9.5 Numerical Methods 584 9.6 Groundwater Quality 602 9-7 Generalized Groundwater Models 609: Problems 610 Bibliography 620 CHAPTER 10 URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT 622 10.1 Stormwater Collection Systems 623 10.2 On-Site Detention Basins 638 10.3 Regional Detention Facilities 655 10.4 Water Quality 663 10.5 Flood-Damage Mitigation 690 Problems 697 Bibliography 707 CHAPTER 11 WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 709 11.1 The Systems Philosophy 709 11.2 Economic Analysis711 11.3 Simulation of Flood Damage Reduction Systems 720 11.4 Simulation and Optimization 729 11.5 Linear Programming (LP) 731 11.6 Network Flow Programming 751 11.7 Zero-One Integer Programming 753 Problems 756 References 767 CHAPTER 12 RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 769 12.1 River Basin Systems770 12.2 Dams, Reservoirs, and Associated Facilities 771 12.3 Water Rights and Water Allocation Systems 782 12.4 Water Quality Management 792 12.5 Ecosystem Management 796 12.6 Rivers and Reservoirs of the World 798 12.7 Major River/Reservoir Systems in the United States 802 12.8 River Basin Management Computer Models 816 References 819 INDEX 821
8120321510
627 / WUR