Natural resources conservation law
Bhat, Sairam Ed.
Natural resources conservation law - New Delhi Sage Pubs. India Pvt. Ltd. 2010 - xx,554,ip
CONTENTS List of Abbreviations xi Preface xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1.Background 1 1.2.Resource Conservation: Historical Concerns in India 4 1.3.Resource Management; Problems in India 8 1.4.Economics and the Natural Resources Market 14 1.5.Environmental Justice 19 1.6.The Modern Age of Environmental Law. Overview 21 1.7.Perspective in Resource Conservation 32 2.Constitution and Common Law Principles 37 Part-I Constitutional Law Provisions 2.1. Introduction 37 2.2. Right to Environment 40 2.3. Freedom of Trade and Environment 56 2.4. Recommendation of the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWQ)59 2.5 International Comparative Constitutional Analysis 61 2.6. Proposals for Environmental Courts in India 63 2.7. Looking Beyond Human Rights; Deep Ecology and Duty to Preserve the Environment 65 2.8. A Scope for Improvement: Some Suggestions 67 2.9. Conclusion 69 Part-II Common Law Principles 2.10. Introduction 70 2.11. Law in Relation to Nuisance 71 2.12. Criminal Law Principles 73 2.13 Civil Law Principles 74 2.14. The Rule in Rylands v. Fietcher 76 2.15. Non-natural User 76 2.16. Imposing Criminal Liability in Environmental Law 81 2.17. Conclusion 90 3.Water Conservation: Legal Issues and Challenges 92 3.1. Introduction 92 3.2. Historical Recollection 94 3.3. Water Scarcity: Ground Realities 96 3.4. Strategies, Policies and Plans So Far 99 3.5. Water Right 105 3.6. Water Pollution: Dimensions of Judicial Intervention 134 3.7. Interlinking of Rivers: Evaluating the Possible Solution144 3.8. International Law 150 3.9. Ground Water: Over-exploited Resource 153 3.10. Will Privatization Work? 163 3.11. Conclusion 171 4.Forest: Legal Issues and Conservation Strategies 174 4.1. Background 174 4.2. Introduction 176 4.3- National Forest Policy, 1952 178 4.4. Forest Law and Policy 183 4.5- The Indian Forest Act, 1927 186 4.6. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 192 4.7. Forestsand the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 194 4.8. Mining in Protected Areas 200 4.9. Specific Rights of the Forest Dwellers as to Forestland and Resources 203 4.10. Joint Management of Forest: State-People's Management 206 4.11. Non-timber Forest Produce 213 4.32. Changes in the Forest Sector 217 4.13. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 237 4.14. Biodiversity and Resource Conservation 241 4.1 5. International Law 243 4.16. Conclusion 261 5 Legal Regime Relating to Conservation of Land 265 5.1. Land 265 5.2. Land Use Scenario in India 266 5.3. Land as a Resource: Absence of Vision 267 5.4. Land Acquisition 269 5.5. Agrarian Reforms 272 5.6. Decision-making: Coordinating Authorities 273 5.7. Green Revolution 278 5.8. Conversion of Land: Law and Policy 280 5.9. Open Lung Areas 283 5.10. Tree Preservation in Urban Areas ? 286 5.11. Wasteland 290 5.12. Degradation of Land through Waste Dumping 292 5.13. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 296 5.14. Mining: Legal Issues for Land Conservation 297 5.15. Conclusion 309 6. Air 311 6.1. Introduction 311 6.2. Prevention and Control of Air Pollution 314 6.3. Powers and Functions of the Pollution Control Board under Air/Water Act 315 6.4. Judicial Intervention for Improving Air Quality 321 6.5. Kyoto Climate Accord 327 6.6. Ozone Depletion and India 332 6.7. Indoor Ait Pollution 335 6.8. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Ami Smoking Law in India 336 6.9. Regulation of Noise 341 6.10. Conclusion 353 7.International Law: Principles of Sustainable Development for Resource Conservation 355 7.1. Introduction 355 7.2. The Environment and International Law: Defining Terms 358 7.3. International Environmental Law: Evolution 362 7-4. From Stockholm to Rio 363 7.5 Compliance of International Environmental Law 371 7.6. International Principles for Conservation of Natural Resources 375 7.7. Obligations of States under International Environmental Law 404 7.8.The New Environmental Philosophy: Globalization 409 7.9 India's Challenges in Emerging International Environmental Law 411 7.10. Conclusion 414 8.Resource Conservation and Management: Perspectives 416 Part-I Need for Information and Public Participation 8.1. Access to Environmental Information 416 8.2. The Need for Public Participation 418 8.3. Right to Information: Ecological Perspective 420 8.4. National Perspective on Right to Know 424 8.5. Right to Information Act 428 8.6. Participation Means Cooperation 431 8.7. Environmental Education 433 8.8. Environmental Impact Assessment: Source for Information 435 Part-II Decentralized Management 8.9. Introduction 438 8.10. Constitutional Provisions for Local Self Governance-Panchayats and Nagarpalikas 444 8.11. The Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act, 1993 446 8.12. Panchayats and their New Role under the Biodiversity Act, 2002 447 8.13. Empowerment and Shared Governance 448 8.14. Participatory Natural Resource Management 450 8.15. Panchayats [Extension to the Scheduled Ateas] Act, 1996(PESA) 454 8.16. Conclusion 456 Part-HI Customary Rights and Common Property Resources 8.17. Introduction 457 8.18. Depletion of Common Property Resource: 'Not in My Backyard' Syndrome 461 Contentsix fi.19. Parks, Playgrounds: Need for More Open Lung Areas 469 8.20. Conservation Initiative for Protection of Wetlands 471 8.21. Conclusion 477 Part-IV Role of Social Movements in Environmental Protection 8.22. Voluntarism 481 8.23. Environmental Movements 483 8.24. The Gandhian Model 491 8.25 Environmental Movements in India: An Evaluation 493 8.26. Conclusion 495 9.International Environmental Law Arbitration: New Approaches to Dispute Resolution 499 9.1. Introduction 499 9.2. ADR for Protection of Natural Resources: An Insight to International Law on Arbitration in Environmental Matters 502 9.3. Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA): Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Natural Resources and/or the Environment 509 9.4. Conclusion 514 10. Conclusion 517 10.1. The Jurisprudence of Environmental Legislation: A Few Concluding Observations 520 10.2. The Need: Integrated Natural Resource Management Policy526 List of Cases 528 Index 534 About the Author 555
8132105087
333.7026 / BHA
Natural resources conservation law - New Delhi Sage Pubs. India Pvt. Ltd. 2010 - xx,554,ip
CONTENTS List of Abbreviations xi Preface xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1.Background 1 1.2.Resource Conservation: Historical Concerns in India 4 1.3.Resource Management; Problems in India 8 1.4.Economics and the Natural Resources Market 14 1.5.Environmental Justice 19 1.6.The Modern Age of Environmental Law. Overview 21 1.7.Perspective in Resource Conservation 32 2.Constitution and Common Law Principles 37 Part-I Constitutional Law Provisions 2.1. Introduction 37 2.2. Right to Environment 40 2.3. Freedom of Trade and Environment 56 2.4. Recommendation of the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWQ)59 2.5 International Comparative Constitutional Analysis 61 2.6. Proposals for Environmental Courts in India 63 2.7. Looking Beyond Human Rights; Deep Ecology and Duty to Preserve the Environment 65 2.8. A Scope for Improvement: Some Suggestions 67 2.9. Conclusion 69 Part-II Common Law Principles 2.10. Introduction 70 2.11. Law in Relation to Nuisance 71 2.12. Criminal Law Principles 73 2.13 Civil Law Principles 74 2.14. The Rule in Rylands v. Fietcher 76 2.15. Non-natural User 76 2.16. Imposing Criminal Liability in Environmental Law 81 2.17. Conclusion 90 3.Water Conservation: Legal Issues and Challenges 92 3.1. Introduction 92 3.2. Historical Recollection 94 3.3. Water Scarcity: Ground Realities 96 3.4. Strategies, Policies and Plans So Far 99 3.5. Water Right 105 3.6. Water Pollution: Dimensions of Judicial Intervention 134 3.7. Interlinking of Rivers: Evaluating the Possible Solution144 3.8. International Law 150 3.9. Ground Water: Over-exploited Resource 153 3.10. Will Privatization Work? 163 3.11. Conclusion 171 4.Forest: Legal Issues and Conservation Strategies 174 4.1. Background 174 4.2. Introduction 176 4.3- National Forest Policy, 1952 178 4.4. Forest Law and Policy 183 4.5- The Indian Forest Act, 1927 186 4.6. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 192 4.7. Forestsand the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 194 4.8. Mining in Protected Areas 200 4.9. Specific Rights of the Forest Dwellers as to Forestland and Resources 203 4.10. Joint Management of Forest: State-People's Management 206 4.11. Non-timber Forest Produce 213 4.32. Changes in the Forest Sector 217 4.13. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 237 4.14. Biodiversity and Resource Conservation 241 4.1 5. International Law 243 4.16. Conclusion 261 5 Legal Regime Relating to Conservation of Land 265 5.1. Land 265 5.2. Land Use Scenario in India 266 5.3. Land as a Resource: Absence of Vision 267 5.4. Land Acquisition 269 5.5. Agrarian Reforms 272 5.6. Decision-making: Coordinating Authorities 273 5.7. Green Revolution 278 5.8. Conversion of Land: Law and Policy 280 5.9. Open Lung Areas 283 5.10. Tree Preservation in Urban Areas ? 286 5.11. Wasteland 290 5.12. Degradation of Land through Waste Dumping 292 5.13. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 296 5.14. Mining: Legal Issues for Land Conservation 297 5.15. Conclusion 309 6. Air 311 6.1. Introduction 311 6.2. Prevention and Control of Air Pollution 314 6.3. Powers and Functions of the Pollution Control Board under Air/Water Act 315 6.4. Judicial Intervention for Improving Air Quality 321 6.5. Kyoto Climate Accord 327 6.6. Ozone Depletion and India 332 6.7. Indoor Ait Pollution 335 6.8. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Ami Smoking Law in India 336 6.9. Regulation of Noise 341 6.10. Conclusion 353 7.International Law: Principles of Sustainable Development for Resource Conservation 355 7.1. Introduction 355 7.2. The Environment and International Law: Defining Terms 358 7.3. International Environmental Law: Evolution 362 7-4. From Stockholm to Rio 363 7.5 Compliance of International Environmental Law 371 7.6. International Principles for Conservation of Natural Resources 375 7.7. Obligations of States under International Environmental Law 404 7.8.The New Environmental Philosophy: Globalization 409 7.9 India's Challenges in Emerging International Environmental Law 411 7.10. Conclusion 414 8.Resource Conservation and Management: Perspectives 416 Part-I Need for Information and Public Participation 8.1. Access to Environmental Information 416 8.2. The Need for Public Participation 418 8.3. Right to Information: Ecological Perspective 420 8.4. National Perspective on Right to Know 424 8.5. Right to Information Act 428 8.6. Participation Means Cooperation 431 8.7. Environmental Education 433 8.8. Environmental Impact Assessment: Source for Information 435 Part-II Decentralized Management 8.9. Introduction 438 8.10. Constitutional Provisions for Local Self Governance-Panchayats and Nagarpalikas 444 8.11. The Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act, 1993 446 8.12. Panchayats and their New Role under the Biodiversity Act, 2002 447 8.13. Empowerment and Shared Governance 448 8.14. Participatory Natural Resource Management 450 8.15. Panchayats [Extension to the Scheduled Ateas] Act, 1996(PESA) 454 8.16. Conclusion 456 Part-HI Customary Rights and Common Property Resources 8.17. Introduction 457 8.18. Depletion of Common Property Resource: 'Not in My Backyard' Syndrome 461 Contentsix fi.19. Parks, Playgrounds: Need for More Open Lung Areas 469 8.20. Conservation Initiative for Protection of Wetlands 471 8.21. Conclusion 477 Part-IV Role of Social Movements in Environmental Protection 8.22. Voluntarism 481 8.23. Environmental Movements 483 8.24. The Gandhian Model 491 8.25 Environmental Movements in India: An Evaluation 493 8.26. Conclusion 495 9.International Environmental Law Arbitration: New Approaches to Dispute Resolution 499 9.1. Introduction 499 9.2. ADR for Protection of Natural Resources: An Insight to International Law on Arbitration in Environmental Matters 502 9.3. Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA): Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Natural Resources and/or the Environment 509 9.4. Conclusion 514 10. Conclusion 517 10.1. The Jurisprudence of Environmental Legislation: A Few Concluding Observations 520 10.2. The Need: Integrated Natural Resource Management Policy526 List of Cases 528 Index 534 About the Author 555
8132105087
333.7026 / BHA