Media and society : critical perspectives
Burton, Graeme
Media and society : critical perspectives - Jaipur Rawat Pub. 2009 - xiv,378p.
CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENS xiv INTRODUCTION 1 MEDIA INSTITUTIONS Key areas and their implications for understanding media 5 1Introduction 6 2 Major questions 8 3 Defining institutions 8 3.1 When is an institution? 8 3.2 Characteristics of institutions 10 4 Media institutions and finance 1 2 5 Media in relation to other institutions 16 6 Media and audiences 16 7 Media and advertising 1 8 8 Media and government 20 9 The regulation of media institutions 21 10 Institutions and power 26 11Institutions and globalization 30 12 Institutions and new technologies 3 3 13 Alternative models for media institutions 38 14 The public service debate 40 15 Discussion extract 42 16 Further reading 43 MEDIA TEXTS Features and deconstructions 44 1Introduction 45 2 Major questions 45 3 What is a text? 46 4 Texts and meanings 47 5 Texts and contexts 48 6 Deconstructing texts 49 6.1 Textual analysis 49 6.2 Textual codes 49 6.3 Semiotic analysis 50 6.4 Image analysis 52 6.5 Discourse analysis 52 7 Texts and narration 54 8 Texts and realism 58 9 Texts, representations, ideology, identity 61 10 Genre texts 67 10.1 The formula 68 10.2 Expectations 70 10.3 Conventions 71 10.4 Intertextuality and post-modernism 72 10.5 Myths, discourses and ideologies 73 10.6 Genre and the political economy 77 10.7 Genre and the illusion of pluralism 78 11Discussion extract 78 12 Further reading 79 AUDIENCES AND EFFECTS Defining audiences and exploring their relationship with texts 81 1Introduction 82 2 Major questions 83 3 Concepts of audiences 83 4 The commodified audience ' 85 5 The active audience 88 6 The reading audience 90 7 Gazing and looking 92 8 Taking pleasure 93 9 Audiences and the public sphere 95 10 Influences and effects 97 11Gender modelling 102 12 Discussion extract 105 13Further reading 106 THE MEDIA AND VIOLENCE Questioning violence: problems with measuring effects 107 1Introduction 108 2 Major questions 1 10 3 Defining violence 1 10 3.1 Violence as representation 1 12 4 Institutions - violence 5 Texts - violence 6 Audiences - violence 7 Research methodologies and their problems 7.1 Content analysis 7.2 Laboratory experiments 7.3 Field experiments 8 Effects models and their problems 8.1 Hypodermic models - short term and behavioural 8.2 Cultivation model - long term and attitudinal 8.3 Innoculation theory 8.4 Uses and gratifications theory 9 The implications of regulation 10 Effects and conclusions 11 Discussion extract 12 Further reading WOMEN'S MAGAZINES Manufacturing a gendered space: questions of guilt and pleasure 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Genre features - convention, expectation and fulfilment 4 Mode of address - positioning the reader 5 Representations 6 Narrative strategies 7 Roles 8 Social interactions 9 The ever-present male 10 Contradictions 11 Pleasure and a woman's space 12 Discussion extract 13 Further reading POPULAR MUSIC Questioning the popular, questioning control, questioning the global 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Defining popular music (PM) 4 Experiencing popular music 5 Institutions and change 5.1 Ownership and control of the popular 5.2 Globalization and technologies 5.3 Production 6 Genres and styles 7 Audiences and consumption 7.1 Defining audiences 7.2 Reception 7.3 Subcultures and identities - resistance 7.4 Gender 170 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading APPROACHES TO FILM The missing British film industry: audiences, gazing and meanings 1 Introduction 2 Major questions . 3 Political economy and the British film industry 3.1 Historical considerations 3.2 Present factors 3.3 The problem of British, film and industry 3.4 The USA, globalization and economic imperialism 4 Looking and gazing - spectator, image, meaning 4.1 Just looking - mise en scene and the image 4.2 Gazing reflectively-notes on psychoanalysis 4.3 The gendered gaze 5 Discussion extracts 6 Further reading THE MEDIA AND NEW TECHNOLOGY The effects and implications of technologies for the media and their consumption 1 Introduction 1.1 When is technology new? 1.2 When is the future present? 2 Major questions 3 Determinism or opportunism?-technology and media developments 4 The impact of technology on the media: production, distribution, exhibition/retailing, consumption 4.1 Production 4.2 Distribution 4.3 Exhibition and sales 5 The information revolution 6 The nature of change 6.1 Interactivity 6.2 Convergence 6.3 Diversification and diversity 6.4 Actualization 6.5 Polarization 6.6 Confirmation 6.7 Naturalization - 7 The Internet, the World Wide Web 7.1 Dominance and use 7.2 Utopias/dystopias 7.3 New democracy, new marketplace 7.4 A public sphere 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading 9 ADVERTISING Its relationship with the media audience: the consequences for society and culture 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 The nature of advertising 4 Advertising and media - a relationship 5 Advertising and society - critiques 230 6 Advertising and audiences 7 Advertising and persuasion 8 Commodification 9 Discourse, ideology, myths and representations 10 A special case: advertising and children 11Discussion extract 12 Further reading TELEVISION SOAPS The question of the gendered audience: the nature of soap operas: the effects of soaps on TV drama 1 Introduction 2 The nature of soaps 3 Major questions 4 Defining soaps - the quality of soap opera 5 Soaps and narrative 6 Soaps and social realism 7 The 'soaping' of TV drama 8 Soaps as gendered genre 9 Empowerment, resistance, ideology and pleasure 10 Discussion extract 11Further reading 11 NEWS Different kinds of news: constructing the world 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Defining news 4 Hard news, soft news 5 News values 5.1 Professionalism as a value 6 The news agenda 7 News as genre 8 Global news 9 News discourse, news mythologies 10 News representations 10.1 Misrepresentation and moral panics 10.2 Gendered news 11News audiences 12 News and the public sphere 13 Discusssion extract. 14 Further reading SPORT AND REPRESENTATION Media making meanings about sport: sport making meanings about ideology, race and gender 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 The representation of sport 3.1 Sport, media, commodification 4The sporting body 5 Sport and national identity 6 The representation of gender 7 The representation of race 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading GLOBALIZATION AND THE MEDIA Questions of power and of cultural exchange 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Globalization as history 4 Global flows - imposition or exchange; global and local 5 Facets of globalization 6 Globalization and technologies 7 Institutions and global ownership 8 Media imperialism 9 Global genres 10 Global audiences 11Cultures and identities 12 Discussion extract 13 Further reading GLOSSARY 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
8131602974
India
Mass media--Social aspects
Mass media and culture
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
ASIA.
CONFERENCES.
302.23 / BUR
Media and society : critical perspectives - Jaipur Rawat Pub. 2009 - xiv,378p.
CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENS xiv INTRODUCTION 1 MEDIA INSTITUTIONS Key areas and their implications for understanding media 5 1Introduction 6 2 Major questions 8 3 Defining institutions 8 3.1 When is an institution? 8 3.2 Characteristics of institutions 10 4 Media institutions and finance 1 2 5 Media in relation to other institutions 16 6 Media and audiences 16 7 Media and advertising 1 8 8 Media and government 20 9 The regulation of media institutions 21 10 Institutions and power 26 11Institutions and globalization 30 12 Institutions and new technologies 3 3 13 Alternative models for media institutions 38 14 The public service debate 40 15 Discussion extract 42 16 Further reading 43 MEDIA TEXTS Features and deconstructions 44 1Introduction 45 2 Major questions 45 3 What is a text? 46 4 Texts and meanings 47 5 Texts and contexts 48 6 Deconstructing texts 49 6.1 Textual analysis 49 6.2 Textual codes 49 6.3 Semiotic analysis 50 6.4 Image analysis 52 6.5 Discourse analysis 52 7 Texts and narration 54 8 Texts and realism 58 9 Texts, representations, ideology, identity 61 10 Genre texts 67 10.1 The formula 68 10.2 Expectations 70 10.3 Conventions 71 10.4 Intertextuality and post-modernism 72 10.5 Myths, discourses and ideologies 73 10.6 Genre and the political economy 77 10.7 Genre and the illusion of pluralism 78 11Discussion extract 78 12 Further reading 79 AUDIENCES AND EFFECTS Defining audiences and exploring their relationship with texts 81 1Introduction 82 2 Major questions 83 3 Concepts of audiences 83 4 The commodified audience ' 85 5 The active audience 88 6 The reading audience 90 7 Gazing and looking 92 8 Taking pleasure 93 9 Audiences and the public sphere 95 10 Influences and effects 97 11Gender modelling 102 12 Discussion extract 105 13Further reading 106 THE MEDIA AND VIOLENCE Questioning violence: problems with measuring effects 107 1Introduction 108 2 Major questions 1 10 3 Defining violence 1 10 3.1 Violence as representation 1 12 4 Institutions - violence 5 Texts - violence 6 Audiences - violence 7 Research methodologies and their problems 7.1 Content analysis 7.2 Laboratory experiments 7.3 Field experiments 8 Effects models and their problems 8.1 Hypodermic models - short term and behavioural 8.2 Cultivation model - long term and attitudinal 8.3 Innoculation theory 8.4 Uses and gratifications theory 9 The implications of regulation 10 Effects and conclusions 11 Discussion extract 12 Further reading WOMEN'S MAGAZINES Manufacturing a gendered space: questions of guilt and pleasure 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Genre features - convention, expectation and fulfilment 4 Mode of address - positioning the reader 5 Representations 6 Narrative strategies 7 Roles 8 Social interactions 9 The ever-present male 10 Contradictions 11 Pleasure and a woman's space 12 Discussion extract 13 Further reading POPULAR MUSIC Questioning the popular, questioning control, questioning the global 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Defining popular music (PM) 4 Experiencing popular music 5 Institutions and change 5.1 Ownership and control of the popular 5.2 Globalization and technologies 5.3 Production 6 Genres and styles 7 Audiences and consumption 7.1 Defining audiences 7.2 Reception 7.3 Subcultures and identities - resistance 7.4 Gender 170 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading APPROACHES TO FILM The missing British film industry: audiences, gazing and meanings 1 Introduction 2 Major questions . 3 Political economy and the British film industry 3.1 Historical considerations 3.2 Present factors 3.3 The problem of British, film and industry 3.4 The USA, globalization and economic imperialism 4 Looking and gazing - spectator, image, meaning 4.1 Just looking - mise en scene and the image 4.2 Gazing reflectively-notes on psychoanalysis 4.3 The gendered gaze 5 Discussion extracts 6 Further reading THE MEDIA AND NEW TECHNOLOGY The effects and implications of technologies for the media and their consumption 1 Introduction 1.1 When is technology new? 1.2 When is the future present? 2 Major questions 3 Determinism or opportunism?-technology and media developments 4 The impact of technology on the media: production, distribution, exhibition/retailing, consumption 4.1 Production 4.2 Distribution 4.3 Exhibition and sales 5 The information revolution 6 The nature of change 6.1 Interactivity 6.2 Convergence 6.3 Diversification and diversity 6.4 Actualization 6.5 Polarization 6.6 Confirmation 6.7 Naturalization - 7 The Internet, the World Wide Web 7.1 Dominance and use 7.2 Utopias/dystopias 7.3 New democracy, new marketplace 7.4 A public sphere 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading 9 ADVERTISING Its relationship with the media audience: the consequences for society and culture 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 The nature of advertising 4 Advertising and media - a relationship 5 Advertising and society - critiques 230 6 Advertising and audiences 7 Advertising and persuasion 8 Commodification 9 Discourse, ideology, myths and representations 10 A special case: advertising and children 11Discussion extract 12 Further reading TELEVISION SOAPS The question of the gendered audience: the nature of soap operas: the effects of soaps on TV drama 1 Introduction 2 The nature of soaps 3 Major questions 4 Defining soaps - the quality of soap opera 5 Soaps and narrative 6 Soaps and social realism 7 The 'soaping' of TV drama 8 Soaps as gendered genre 9 Empowerment, resistance, ideology and pleasure 10 Discussion extract 11Further reading 11 NEWS Different kinds of news: constructing the world 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Defining news 4 Hard news, soft news 5 News values 5.1 Professionalism as a value 6 The news agenda 7 News as genre 8 Global news 9 News discourse, news mythologies 10 News representations 10.1 Misrepresentation and moral panics 10.2 Gendered news 11News audiences 12 News and the public sphere 13 Discusssion extract. 14 Further reading SPORT AND REPRESENTATION Media making meanings about sport: sport making meanings about ideology, race and gender 1 Introduction 2 Major questions 3 The representation of sport 3.1 Sport, media, commodification 4The sporting body 5 Sport and national identity 6 The representation of gender 7 The representation of race 8 Discussion extract 9 Further reading GLOBALIZATION AND THE MEDIA Questions of power and of cultural exchange 1Introduction 2 Major questions 3 Globalization as history 4 Global flows - imposition or exchange; global and local 5 Facets of globalization 6 Globalization and technologies 7 Institutions and global ownership 8 Media imperialism 9 Global genres 10 Global audiences 11Cultures and identities 12 Discussion extract 13 Further reading GLOSSARY 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
8131602974
India
Mass media--Social aspects
Mass media and culture
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
ASIA.
CONFERENCES.
302.23 / BUR